沈宋貶謫詩在詩史上之新創意義

The Significance of the Demotional Poems of the Shen and Sung in the History of Chinese Poetry

貶謫與流放，在中國歷史上具有悠久的傳統，早在堯舜時代，已有記載，《尚書．舜典》云：「流共工於幽州，放驩兜於崇山，竄三苗於三危，殛鯀於羽山，四罪而天下服。」又《左傳》文公十八年：「流四凶族，渾敦、窮奇、檮杌、饕餮，投諸四裔。」此後被流貶者無代不有。
本文首先論述了唐代仕宦文人被貶的一般情況，說明貶謫在唐朝是很多詩人的普遍經驗，也往往影響了詩人作品的風格，被貶詩人，大都以詩傳達貶途的苦辛和對家園親友的思念。在這一方面，沈、宋和其他詩人並無不同，但沈、宋的貶謫詩卻至少在三個面向突出了他們與眾不同的創新，並成為後來貶謫詩的典範，一是在詩中積極抒發被貶的冤屈不平和憤悶，二是在詩中寄託戀君思闕之情及蒙恩赦還之願，三是藉佛道山水排遣被貶之愁苦。

Demotion and Exile are common in Chinese History. As early as in the era of Yao and Shun, Chinese Classics have recorded people who were expelled from the royal court and put into extreme frontier. From then on, demotion and exile were officials often experience.
This paper examines the relationship between the official intellectuals and their poetical works and emphasizes that the demoted official often used poems to express their sufferings during their time of exile. They narrate their thinking of their family and the hardship of travel in their writings. Shen Ch’uan-ch’ I and Sung Chih-wen are the forerunner of demoted poet in T’ang dynasty whose poems are typical in the sub-genre of demotion and exile. First, they use poems to show their mental pain and suffocation. Second, they entrust their thinking of the emperor to the poems. Third, they write about their melancholy in their lyrical works.