《宋史筌》之筆法與價值——以〈歐陽脩傳〉為基礎之考論

The Writing Style and Value of Songshi Quan: A Study based on the Reading of the “Biography of Ouyang Xiu”

《宋史》潦草牽率成書，舛謬甚多，中土學者訂補改修外，朝鮮李祘因認同、嚮慕宋朝，而以君王之尊親自編修《宋史筌》一書。本文以《宋史筌．歐陽脩傳》為考察對象，歸納其文刪修情形，略分：修改一二字、刪落一句、大段刪棄、增補某事四類狀況，擇取其中較重要情事，如：「辭曰」、「欲深護脩」、「追並韓愈，蘇穆從游」、「奉使契丹」、「臺諫論執中過惡」、「河決商胡」、「韓琦薦脩」、「御閣春帖」等，詳查其與《宋史》所載有別之處，參酌相關史料，考辨論析，推證《宋史筌》文字應較近於實情。以此知曉：部分學者訾議該書省略減縮、不具史料價值等批評恐未臻允當。《宋史筌》革易《宋史》「繁冗」弊病有成外，並能審察《宋史》訛誤之處，加以訂正。歐傳之改寫尤能有助讀者超越習見之《宋史》觀點，提供有別傳統之理解、省思角度，進而較為貼近事實，其意義不容忽視。

Songshi （History of the Song Dynasty） was completed hastily and rashly, leaving plenty of missing and erroneous parts. Apart from the later revisions and amendments by native Chinese scholars, out of his recognition and admiration for the Song Dynasty, Yi San （or Li Suan, 1752-1800）, the ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, edited in person Songshi Quan （송사전, Revised History of Song Dynasty） together with other scholars. This article examines the deletion and revision of Songshi in Songshi Quan by reading the “Biography of Ouyang Xiu” in both books. These changes can be roughly categorized into four types: revision of one or two Chinese characters, deletion of one sentence, deletion of a whole paragraph, and supplements to events.
Some major events described in the “Biography of Ouyang Xiu” are selected, such as “declining a post offered by Fan Zhongyan,” “Emperor Shenzong’s attempt to punish Ouyang,” “following the legacies of Han Yu and Su-Mu,” “serving as an envoy to Qara Khitay,” “expostulating Chen Zhizong’s wrongdoings,” “the levee failure in Shanhu,” “Han Qi’s recommendation,” and “the spring couplet at the imperial pavilion.” These records are then closely compared with those in Songshi and verified with related historical documents and materials. It shows that the records in Songshi Quan may be truer to facts. In other words, the previous criticisms of Songshi Quan for its deletion and abridgement and lack of historical value may not be proper. Songshi Quan not only remedied Songshi’s shortcoming of being complicated and lengthy but also corrected the errors in it. Furthermore, the revision of the “Biography of Ouyang Xiu” in Songshi Quan can provide the readers with alternative understanding and reflection that are different from the traditional views in Songshi and thus truer to facts. The value of Songshi Quan should not be underestimated.