王安石誣陷蘇軾運售私鹽始末考――兼論蘇軾與程之才之恩怨情仇

A Case Study of Wang An-shih's Allegation of Su Shih's Illegal Salt Trade

蘇軾一生的交遊，目前可考的約有一千三百多人。其中，蘇軾與王安石的交遊極特別，變化極大，極引人注意，是研究蘇軾、王安石的學者必然會注意的一個重要課題。當年，蘇洵攜蘇軾、蘇轍入京應考，名揚天下，可是王安石並不喜歡三蘇，人前人後常加以貶抑。宋神宗熙寧二年二月，蘇軾守完父喪，返回汴京朝廷，以殿中丞、直史館授官告院，兼判尚書祠部。此時，王安石已當政，蘇軾與其議論不同，常寫作詩文加以批評。王安石生性不能容人，對於反對新法的異議之士，王安石的一貫作法是鳴鼓而攻，蘇軾自然也難逃劫運，屢遭打壓，其中尤以唆使侍御史知雜事謝景溫誣陷蘇軾運售私鹽最嚴重。此一事件，前後約三個月，在當時政壇掀起一陣波浪，大臣司馬光、范鎮皆捲入其中，對蘇軾一生仕宦更是影響深遠。王安石以運售私鹽構陷蘇軾的狠毒心思與詳細始末未見專文論述，蘇軾的表哥兼姊夫程之才是此陰謀詭計的始作俑者更無人知曉。本文特針對此一事件之來龍去脈，翻檢相關文史資料，詳加考論，希望能有助於了解蘇軾與王安石的性行及早期水火不容、劍拔弩張的鬥爭與怨讎。蘇軾與程之才之間的恩怨情仇極複雜，牽涉兩個家族及兩代人物，對蘇軾的影響極深遠，一并深入探究。

During Su Shih's lifetime, there were one thousand and three hundred known friends. Among them, Wang An-shih was the most famous one. Their friendship was turbulent and worthy of studying. This article is intended to delve into depth of the whole story in which Wang made inspector Hsieh Ching-wen accuse Su for illegal selling salt. The article also studies the hostile relationship between Su Shih and his cousin/brother-in-law Cheng Chih-ts'ai as well as their poetry and historical events.