論篇章意象之系統――以古典詩詞為考察對象

The Image System in Writings Analysis Based on Classical Poetry and Lyrics

意象就最小單位而言是「詞」，就中間部分而言是「章」，就最大單位而言是「篇」，所以嚴格說來，每個詞都是「個別意象」，共同組成「整體意象」（篇）；而且篇章中往往不會只用到一個意象，而是由多個意象組織而成，因此就必然會觸及多個意象如何組織成整體的問題。前人對篇章意象組織理論之探究雖有一定成果，但是不夠全面、系統性也不足，而現代章法學所鑽研的，就是意象組織之條理，在近年來發展迅速，已建立體系，成為一門科學化之新學門，因此可以運用這些研究成果，來嘗試解決意象組織的問題。所以本論文就藉助於章法學理論，以「對比類」、「調和類」統領起四十餘種章法，共舉十八首古典詩詞（含篇、章）為例證，分析出其意象系統，並畫出意象系統表，以「一」、「1」、「A」、「a」的方式，由高而低地標誌出層級及數量，以見其組織之條理。期望這樣的努力，可以為篇章意象組織之研究，作出一點貢獻。

The minimum unit of image is “a word”, the middle size is “a section”, and the maximum one is “a piece of writing”. Each word, strictly speaking, implies a single image. The integrated image (i.e., a piece of writing) is composed of every single image. In general, there will be more than one image used in a section or a piece of writing. Therefore, it is important to arrange various images as an integer. There have been numerous studies on the arrangement of images in writings; however, few of them have tried to establish a comprehensive and systematic theory. Modern theories about the organization of writing that focused on the orderliness of images have established a system and become a discipline. One can apply the achievements of these studies to address the arrangement of images. In this article, I refer to two categories – namely, contrast and harmony, to outline more than forty methods in the organization of writing. I also cite 18 pieces／sections of Chinese classical poems and lyrics as examples to analyze their image system. In addition, I illustrate the structure and quantity of the image system by four levels – namely, “I”, “1”, “A” and “a”. I hope that these efforts may contribute more ideas to the studies on the arrangement of images in writings.