從斷腸地到華胥國——論《山谷詞》的巴蜀書寫

From Heartbroken Place to Huaxu Country–The Writing of Shan Gu's Lyrics in Ba-Shu

巴蜀自古被視為蠻荒之地，在山谷之前從未有詞家詳細描繪過此地，而山谷詞中卻多方地展現了巴蜀的獨特風情與作者居住此地的內在情思，對於了解北宋巴蜀地域特色與山谷情志有極大價值。學界已有針對山谷詞風物習俗書寫的研究，亦有廣泛地自山谷詩、詞、銘、賦、書信等探討山谷貶謫黔戎心境的研究，但未有結合景物、人情與心靈，對山谷巴蜀詞作深入探究者，因而本文在既有的研究基礎上，以山谷五十多首巴蜀詞為考察文本，深入探索出山谷靈視下的巴蜀意象依序為：一、催人愁苦的斷腸路；二、親友相伴的慰藉所；三、心神安樂的華胥國。從斷腸地到華胥國的巴蜀意象轉變，可見作者隨緣安樂的精神修為；而親友溫情所織就的人際網絡，亦是他對巴蜀改觀的重要因素。同時，本文還從修辭學的角度，略窺其詞中巴蜀書寫的藝術美學。

The Ba-Shu Area has long been thought as backwoods. Therefore, before Shan-Gu Huang, no one had ever described this area in detail. Huang depicted the place in many aspects such as showing up the unique scenery, folkways and his feelings when he lived there. Thus, we are able to find out the regional characteristics of Ba-Shu in the North Sung Dynasty, as well as Huang’s emotions and thoughts from his lyrics written in Ba-Shu. Nowadays, there are some researches focused on the writing of folkways in Huang's Lyrics; moreover, there are also some in widespread discuss about Shan-Gu's Huang exiled mood in Ba-Shu from his poetry, lyrics, inscription, Fu and letters. Nevertheless, no one had ever made a study on Huang’s lyrics written in Ba-Shu through the combination of the scenery, folkways and spirits in such a deep manner. Consequently, with these existing research achievements, this article intends to look into Huang's Lyrics written in Ba-Shu, revealing the images of Ba-Shu through Huang's delicate observation. These images will be discussed in the following order: 1. a grievous and heartbroken place for Shan-Gu Huang; 2. a comforting place with relatives and friends; 3. Huaxu Country making Shan Gu tranquil. With the change of image from a heartbroken place to placid Huaxu Country, we can find out the reasons for the change of Huang's view to Ba-Shu are his highly self-possession and the tender sentiments of kith and kin. Besides, this article also confers the esthetics of the writing of Huang's lyrics in Ba-Shu from the point of rhetoric.