論蘇軾黃州紅梅詩詞的書寫策略

A Study on the Writing Strategy of Su Shih’s Huangzhou Poetry and Tz’u on Red Plum

蘇軾詠梅詩詞質精量多，廣泛流播，影響深遠，推動、提升宋代詠梅詩詞的發展與地位。蘇軾謫居黃州，作〈紅梅三首〉其一，首倡「梅格」；隨後又將此詩檃栝成〈定風波．詠紅梅〉。將自己得意詩作通篇檃括入詞，蘇軾為第一人。蘇軾這組紅梅詩詞既有創意巧思，亦見思想深度，自宋以來廣受重視賞愛。蘇軾馳騁藻思，與石延年爭勝，蘊含高超的書寫策略和深刻文藝精要，本文詳加剖析，以供借鏡。一、刻意選調，重視傳播。蘇軾詠紅梅由詩入詞，載體不同，然轉化完美，佳妙如一，古今同賞，巧選體式最接近之〈定風波〉詞牌，實乃一大關鍵，是其首要書寫策略。以詩入詞，以被管絃，便於傳唱，以廣流傳，亦是必要書寫策略。二、物我雙寫，自明心志。蘇軾詠紅梅，以人擬花、花中有人，物我雙寫，藉花明志，梅格即人格、詠梅即詠人。三、以註明詩，批判前賢，議論風發，彰明作意，引人注意，此亦蘇詩慣用技法。為彰顯「梅格」之說，蘇軾以註明詩，強化論述，補強詩意，點名道姓，批判石延年，直斥其陋，抑人揚己，吸引目光。蘇軾「梅格」之論精闢深刻，千古不易，又以精巧書寫策略體現「梅格」，有理論，有實踐，有深刻思想意涵，故能傳頌千載。

Su Shih had composed many well-written poems and tz’u on chanting the plum blossoms. Due to these great works, the chants on the plum blossoms have received a lot of attention on the studies of the poetry and tz’u in Sung dynasty. On Su’s deposition to Huang-chou, he first claimed “character of plum” in his composition of “Hong Mei San Shou”. In addition, he incorporated his poetry into tz’u, and made “Ding Fong Po． Yong Hong Mei”. Su’s works of the red plum blossoms were not only creative but also indicated Su’s profound thinking to that time, which has made Su a highly valued literatus since Sung dynasty. Furthermore, in the literature, Su had often been compared to Shi Yan Nian because they were both famous writers in Sung dynasty. In this paper, I tried to analyze the excellent writing strategies, the context, and the consonance included in the chant on the plum blossoms. First, for the purpose of chanting the plum blossoms works and incorporating his poem lines with tz’u, Su particularly picked out the “Ding Feng Po” tz’u pattern, which had the closest pattern with the chants on the plum blossoms. This was the main writing strategy to make this work more appealing and easier to be chanted. Besides, incorporating poems into tz’u so that the chant on the plum blossoms could spread widely is also the necessary writing strategy. Secondly, Su compared plum blossom in “Ding Feng Bo．Yong Hong Mei” to himself to show his willingness to serve in the government. Su assimilated a gentleman as the plum blossom and argued that “characters of plum blossom” was indeed the character of a gentleman. Finally, writing poems to express his thoughts, make suggestions to the government, and satirize people of the former times were the writing strategies Su always used. In order to emphasize the idea of the equivalence of the character of the plum blossom and the character of a gentleman, Su made a severe criticism on Shi Yan Nian and assimilated Su himself as the plum blossom. In conclusion, Su embodied the argument of “character of plum blossom” by using ingenious writing strategies. Hence, the argument of the character of the plum blossom and the relevant works have received a lot of attention and serve as the main topic of this paper.