歷解式與結構化的對話——譚家哲《論語平解》的詮釋風貌及其反思

Commentaries and Structural Analysis Meet: A Study of the Interpretative Universe of Tang Jiazhe’s Luenyu Pingjie and its Implications

在譚家哲《論語平解》（前身為《論語與中國思想研究》）問世後，《論語》是隨機提點的彙集？還是隱含一精心設計的結構？遂成為值得重新深思的探問。譚家哲確立有子為編者，揭示體例，採取以《論語》解《論語》的作法，秉持黜高遠以歸平實的態度，並在《論語》的篇與篇之間、章與章之間建構出橫向的連結，使其形成一整體環環相扣的大結構。
本文透過歷解式與結構化這兩種詮釋進路的展示，讓我們看見譚家哲結構化《論語》所形成殊異於歷解的詮釋風貌，在此脈絡下，「志於道」章成為具現〈述而〉篇生命之道以及孔子如何呈顯心志的論述；而「巧笑」章所訴求的禮文之美，則是儒家無我居後之人格精神的體現。
本文認為在歷解式與結構化的初步交會下，不惟足以激揚出隱而待詮的理解契機，譚氏所建構之體例及其詮釋方法，亦能為此面向的討論注入更多輾轉開新的活力。

Since the publication of Tang Jiazhe’s Luenyu Pingjie (The Analects of Confucius Made Simple), an earlier edition of which was A Study of the Analects of Confucius in Relation to Chinese Thinking) significant questions such as the following have emerged. Is the Analects a compilation of randomly selected quotes? Or is its structure deliberately designed? Tang Jiazhe has confirmed Youzhi as the editor of the Analects, expounded its style, adopted an approach to the Analects based on the Analects, and followed Zuo Gaoyuan’s interpretive stance aimed at being as simple and close to the original as possible. In addition, he has also established connections among articles in the Analects and among chapters in it, thus laying bare the well-connected megastructure of the book.
This study adopts a dual analytical approach to Tang’s book by considering both diachronic commentaries and structural analysis. It aims to reveal how a highly structured reading of the Analects differs from its diachronic commentaries. As such, the chapter on “zhiyudao” (“Aspiring to the Way”) is understood as linked to discourse about life in the article about “Shuer” (“Dissemination of knowledge”) and to Confucius’s discourse about xinzhi (mind and aspiration). In the same vein, the sought-after elegance of classics and etiquette as promoted in the chapter on “qiaoxia” (“smiling appropriately”) illustrates the realization of no-self spirit in Confucianism.
This article suggests that an approach that considers both diachronic commentaries and structural analysis not only stimulates some under-explored issues but also creates various interpretive possibilities resulting fromTang’s interpretive strategies exemplified in his book.