漢字思維的哲學思考——張東蓀的方法論反思

Philosophical Thinking on the Chinese Script–Chang Tungsun’s Reflections

在講求知識轉型的時代中，張東蓀曾專技地繞經西方，重返中國，進行了一場為數少見的語言學─哲學比較工程。在早期一篇充滿歷史自主意味的論文中，張氏從中國言語構造的角度，重新審視中西哲學間，不可輕易化約的差異化思維，尋求中國思想意識特徵與語言結構之間的內在聯繫。不僅成為上個世紀三○年代，跨文化批評實踐的具體示範，更是對中國哲學專門化的一次精練的辯護。在瀰漫古今中西張力的時代氛圍中，渠以基礎而深刻的在地反省，明確地展現了這樣一種知識立場：與其說言語結構是決定哲學進程的力量，毋寧，它更是一種具啟發作用的方法論起點。

In an era of intellectual transformation, Zhang Dongsun engaged strategically with the West in order to return to China, doing so to carry out an important project of comparative linguistic philosophy. This paper examines Zhang's early writings, which are replete with a sense of historical self-determination, in which he re-examines the stark differences between Chinese and Western philosophical modes of thought, doing so from the perspective of Chinese linguistic structure. Zhang's inquiry was conducted in order to find the characteristics inherent to Chinese thought and consciousness, and their inherent link with Chinese linguistic structure. In doing so Zhang did not just provide a model for cross-cultural criticism during his era （the 1930s）, but also provided a refined and stirring defense of the specialized nature of Chinese philosophy. Within an era defined by the tensions between the past and the present, China and the West, Zhang's trenchant, locally-rooted reflections clearly expressed the following intellectual position: rather than saying linguistic structure is a force that decides philosophical advance, it is more enabling to see linguistic structure as a methodological starting point, one replete with inspiring possibilities.