來唐新羅詩人崔致遠生平著作交遊考

A Study of the Life, Writings, and Friends of the T'ang Poet Tsui Chih-yüan

來唐新羅詩人崔致遠為韓國漢文學的先驅，韓國洪奭周曾推崇崔致遠云：「吾東方之有文章而能著書傳後者。自孤雲崔公始，吾東方之士，北學於中國。而以文聲天下者，亦自崔公始，崔公之書傳於後者，唯桂苑筆耕與中山覆簣集二部。是二書者，亦吾東方文章之本始也。」其高名不僅流傳文林，即民間亦無人不知，韓國徐居正指出，崔致遠「自三國以來，文人才士，世不乏人，而公之名獨光前掩後，膾炙人口。平生足迹所及之處，至今樵人牧竪皆指之曰，崔公所遊之地，至於閭閻細人，鄉曲愚婦，皆知誦公之姓名，慕公之文章。」後來崔致遠的裔孫崔鉉弼也說：「先生之於我東，傑然為文學之祖。」崔致遠在韓國文學史上地位可見一般。事實上，崔致遠不僅在韓國廣為人知，即在唐朝仕為淮南節度使高駢之都統巡官時，即以其〈檄黃巢書〉而知名，而崔致遠在唐時期，與當時詩人如羅隱、張喬等多有往來，亦當知名於詩人間。崔致遠的《孤雲先生文集》和《桂苑筆耕集》具有重要的文學和史料價值，尤其是四十九首從未見於中土的詩作，實可補《全唐詩》之缺，其書狀表奏則可補僖宗朝正史之訛誤。崔致遠其人其文，近年在大陸學界不乏有學者討論研究，台灣學界則甚少人注意，對其生平及交遊亦頗陌生，而大陸學者之討論中，又不乏相矛盾、考證錯誤之處。故本文詳考其著作，參酌中、韓史籍，因述其生平、著作與交遊之詳情焉。

Tsui Chih-yüan was the pioneer of the Korean literature and well-known to the men of letters of his era. He was not only well-known in Korean literary circles but also in T’ang China, where he became acquainted with a number of poets with whom he interacted quite often. Among these T’ang poets, Lo Yin and Chang Chiao are two cases in point. Tsui’s poetic collection Mr. Lonely Cloud’s Poems and prosaic collection Kui-yuan pi-ken chi are important in many aspects, especially in the fields of historical documentary and literary history. Of special note is the collection known as the “Forty-Nine Poems” which has never been seen in China. It is suggested that this collection can contribute to gaps in the “T’ang Shih” and, moreover, Tsui Chih-yüan’s literary style is able to account for the historical inaccuracies in the Hsi-Chung Dynasty. Previous research into the writings of Tsui Chih-yüan has been contradictory and has failed to adequately describe Tsui Chih-yüan’s contribution to the literary history of Korea and China. This article intends to explore the value of Tsui’s writings within the context of Chinese and Korean literary history.