《藝苑巵言》「辨體」方法論

The Methodology of Distinction in Yi Yuan Zhi Yan

本論文目的在揭櫫《藝苑巵言》中隱含的辨體方法，首先，《藝苑巵言》在辨體論述時的基本假定為「由文體規範與藝術表現之應然關係，進行典範建構、藝術性評價與文學史評價」。也就是它通過文體的形式特徵、藝術特徵重新建構文體與作家、作品的典範，並給予它們藝術評價以及在文學史上的定位。基於此基本假定以及此基本假定所透顯的辨體目的，其辨體時依循著「經典重估」、「分體建構」與「文體遷變」等三大原則，重新看待既有之文學經典，肯認文學發展變遷之必然，將其所重新認定之體式、典範之繫入不同文體下作為辨體標準。而在辨體時，除運用一般方法外，所採行論證方法另有「主觀判斷式」、「引證推斷式」、「對舉比較式」等三者。此三方法為辨體時的一般方法，也就是為了讓所論之內容有所依據，而採行的論證方法。此外，在《藝苑巵言》中另可分析出「體式辨體法」、「體製辨體法」與「源流辨體法」等三種特殊辨體方法，從藝術形相、形式特徵進行辨體，並由文體發展、文學史定位來辨體。

The aim of this study is to examine the implied methodology of the process of distinction in Yi Yuan Zhi Yan. Based on the underlying characteristics of narratology, “necessary relationships between norms of literary form and art performance are considered to construct a model for the artistic appraisal and evaluation of the history of literature.” By understanding the forms and art features, the model of literary form, the author and the work is structured and the position of the work in the history of literature and art is thus oriented. According to this assumption, and the derived purpose of distinction, three principles, namely: the structure of the classics, the underlying mereology and the transition of literary forms are observed in reviewing classical literature and determining the transitional process in regard to the development of literature. The re-defined form of characters and models are used as the basis of distinction to analyze various literary forms. In addition to the application of ordinary methodology, proof of subjective dogmatic beliefs, citations and enumerative comparisons were also used. This analysis clearly demonstrated that the relevant work analyzed in this study possess a basic foundation. Furthermore, three specific methods of analyses: distinction of style, form of character and pedigree were carried out to identify the artistic imagery, form features, development of literary form and history of the literature.