晉、宋時期《易》學思維在儒、佛交涉中應用的考察

Study on Thoughts of Zhouyi in Jin Song Dynasties in the Interplay between Confucianism and Buddhism

魏晉以降，《易》學思想儼然已成為相當重要的言家口實，於當世的經典詮釋與清談論議中普受關注。本文由此出發，擬就佛教東漸時如何於此文化氛圍下進而與世教交涉，從形上學、感應說、時位觀念、方法論等面向觀察士、僧援《易》以通佛的情況。吾人預設此中有「宗教性隱喻」的作用，即論家於策略反省與理性思辨之同時，間或因宗教情境的淪浹而觸發「概念域」之間情境想像與詮釋導引的類比。且此種隱喻作用非以解經為主要目的，大多是因應論辯過程的需要而生，既是論辯，就涉及雙方於傳達、讀解訊息上角色隨時互易而交涉的可能，故論者本身既是訊息發送的「作者」，亦是解讀訊息的「讀者」，而隱喻作為理解活動的本質，即在此詮釋活動的互涉之間展開。
職是，解剖論辯活動，即可發現個中有學理脈絡在引述、理解、再生應用上彼此交錯的複雜性，遠已非修辭學上「喻體」、「喻依」之間單向而平面的簡單關係可比，故本文援引當代隱喻學的目的，乃是借用、延伸其「域」（domain）的概念，由「域」所交織、蘊涵概念義理上的「空間」型態：話語情境、知識系統乃至學術教理傳統之傳承，在思維理解活動上的交相映現，更立體地看待《易》學應用於儒、佛交涉之間的問題。
本文嘗試就五個交涉面向來觀察：一、形上思維與「神不滅」論，二、「同體」說與「護生」觀，三、辨「位」思維與僧伽儀制，四、明「時」觀念與果報思想，五、「得意」、「理一」說與頓悟成佛。

Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Yijing thinking has become an important subject of debate in the field of classical teaching. The work attracted general attention in the interpretation and argument of classical books at the time that it was first written. This study investigates the interplay between Confucianism and Buddhism under the cultural atmosphere where Buddhism was gradually spreading to the East, as well as to observe how scholars and monks cited Yijing to explain the principles of Buddhism from the aspects of metaphysics, interaction between heaven and mankind, the idea of time and position, and methodology. This study assumes that the work contains “religious metaphors”, that result from the religious context of the the proponents of Buddhist philosopy. That is, during strategy application and rational reflection, the writers might associate with and thus trigger analogies of contextual imagination and interpretation. In addition, the main objective of such metaphors was not to explain Yijing, but rather, they were developed to meet specific problems arising during the argumentation process. Argumentation involves the possibility of interaction and exchange of roles between two parties during conveyance and interpretation of messages. Therefore, investigators themselves are “authors” that convey messages, as well as “readers” that interpret messages. Metaphors as the nature for understanding activities are developed during the interaction of interpretation activities.
Therefore, the analysis of such argumentation activities found that the complexity of interplay among citation, understanding, and application of theoretical contexts exceeds the one-way, planar, and simple relationship between “tenor” and “vehicle” in rhetoric. Therefore, this study cites contemporary “metaphorology” to use and extend the concept of “domain,” as well as to use the “spatial” pattern hidden in the concept of “domain” to show how language context, knowledge systems, and academic tradition interact with one another in thinking activities of the argumentation process to observe the application of Yijing to the interplay between Confucianism and Buddhism from multiple perspectives.
This study consists of five sections: 1) metaphysics and Immortal Soul; 2) Holism and Life conservation; 3) the positional distinction of Zhouyi and monastic ritual; 4) idea of time and karma; 5) “getting the meaning” and Buddhahood.