《左傳》「旄車之族」考

The Study of the “Mao-che-zhi-zu” in Zhuo-zhuang

本文透過先秦文獻的佐證，討論《左傳‧宣公二年》中「旄車之族」的義含。第一，本文論證「餘子」、「庶子」之義含，認為趙盾當是「庶子」而非「餘子」。第二，本文說明「旄車」為卿大夫所乘之車乘，符合趙盾卿大夫的位階。第三，本文說明「公路」、「公行」之異，「公路」是指國君所乘之戎車，數量上僅為一乘；「公行」則是隨從國君的行列，數量必然不只一乘。第四，依據第二點說明，若謂「旄車」為「公路」，則未能配合「旄車」為卿大夫所乘的規格，因此「旄車之族」必然不是掌「公路」之職官。反之，「公行」為隨從國君的行列，當然由卿大夫擔任，「旄車」正符合其身分。總而言之，「旄車之族」當是由庶子擔任，並職掌「公行」，亦是晉國國君之副車。

This article is to explore the meaning of “Mao-che-zhi-zu” in Xuan-gong 2nd-year of Zuo-zhuang through the evidence of the references in the earlier feudal state of Chin. First, this article demonstrates the meaning of “Yu-zi”(the blood younger brother of the son of the same legal wife) and “Shu-zi”(the son of a concubine), and holds that Zhao-dun should be a Shu-zi not a Yu-zi. Second, this article elaborates that “Mao-che” is the vehicle a senior official in the feudal state of Chin takes and corresponds to the rank of Zhao-dun. Third, this article explains the differences between “Gong-lu” and “Gong-hang.” “Gong-lu” means “Rong-che” (the military carriage of a monarch) of which the quantity is the only one vehicle; “Gong-hang, ” however, means the procession accompanying the monarch and the quantity of the procession is certainly more than one vehicle. Fourth, according to the second point above, it doesn’t correspond to the rank of a vehicle a senior official takes if “Mao-che” is so-called “Gong-lu.” Thus, the “Mao-che-zhi-zu” is absolutely not the officials in charge of “Gong-lu.” On the contrary, “Gong-hang” is the procession following the monarch, is definitely served by a senior official, and right corresponds to the status of a senior official. In brief, the “Mao-che-zhi-zu” is served by the Shu-zi, takes charge of “Gong-lu, ” and is the vice vehicle of the monarch in the feudal state of Jin.