明代學術視野下的「十三經」論述研究

A Study on the Discourses of Shisanjing under the Academic Perspectives of Ming Dynasty

本文從傳播擴散的研究角度入手，以「十三經」為搜索詞，進入12個大型資料庫搜尋明代士人涉及「十三經」的言論與論著，並將獲得的197筆資料，透過內容分析的方式，探討「十三經」和「十三經註疏」兩個概念，在明代流衍、擴散並落實的狀況。考知最早提出「十三經」者為洪武年間的趙俶；最早說明《十三經》內涵者是宣德年間的胡儼；最早提出《十三經註疏》者是永樂年間的鄧夢文；最先將《十三經註疏》概念落實為叢書者是正德四年開雕的正德本；符合現代認知的《十三經註疏》是嘉靖十三年開雕的李元陽版。明人使用「十三經」意涵有三：經書數目概念；整體叢書概念；《十三經註疏》的代稱。「十三經註疏」意涵有二：《十三經註疏》各書的註疏、一整套叢書。並考證「十三經」之詞最早出現在宋仁宗之前；「十三經註疏」出現在宋理宗時代。所得成果有助於對「十三經」及其衍生概念與明代經學內涵認知的了解。對明代經學研究者提供許多有效資訊，對清代經學研究者亦有所幫助，並有助於相關研究者更進一步的研究。

The starting point of this paper is to propose a study on Ming discourse concerning Shisanjing 十三經 from the perspective of dissemination and diffusion. To implement the aforesaid intention, an exploration of academic databases is the fundamental modeling method: “Shisanjing” is utilized as the search term for 12 authoritative databases in order to acquire sufficient data on the sayings and writings of Ming literati related to “Shisanjing.” By analyzing the obtained 197 results, the proliferation and materialization of the idea of “Shisanjing” and “Shisanjing zhushu 十三經註疏” during the Ming Dynasty are rendered intelligible. Important results of this textual research include the following: (1) the first scholar to put forward the concept of “Shisanjing” was Zhao Chu 趙俶 who did so during the Hongwu reign 洪武 (1368-1398); (2) the first scholar to expound the contents of the corpus of Shisanjing was Hu Yan 胡儼 who did so during the Xuande reign 宣德(1426-1435); (3) the first scholar to suggest the compilation of Shisanjing zhushu was Deng Meng-wen 鄧夢文 who did so during the Yongle reign 永樂(1403-1424); (4) the earliest materialization of Shisanjing zhushu as a book series is the Zhengdeben 正德本, the woodblock engraving of which was begun in the 4th year of the Zhengde reign (1509); (5) the edition that tallies most closely with contemporary cognition of Shisanjing zhushu is the Li Yuan-yang edition 李元陽版, the woodblock engraving of which had commenced by the 13th year of the Jiajing reign (1534). For Ming literati, the term “Shisanjing” possessed three connotations: as the numeration of Chinese Classics it was a complete corpus, and an abbreviation of Shisanjing zhushu: the term “Shisanjing zhushu” possessed two connotations: the annotations and commentaries of each volume of Shisanjing zhushu, and as a complete book series. The results obtained from the textual research employed in this study also shows that the term “Shisanjing” appeared before the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song 宋仁宗(1022-1063), as the term “Shisanjing zhushu” appeared during the reign of Emperor Lizong of Song 宋理宗(1205-1264). The results of the textual analysis provide valuable insights into the comprehension of the derivatives of the conception of “Shisanjing” and the dimensions of the Studies of Chinese Classics during the Ming Dynasty. This paper provides valuable information to scholars of Ming Studies of the Chinese Classics, and suggests research methods that can be applied to related fields.