五柳與孤松——陶淵明的文化偶像與魏晉風度

Five-Willow and Lone Pine: Tao Yuanming’s cultural icon and Wei Jin demeanor

陶淵明與嵇康、孫綽、張湛的關係，是過去學者較少注意的。實則嵇康可以視為陶淵明的「文化偶像」，陶淵明對柳的喜好應源自嵇康；而陶淵明對孫、張二氏大概也心有戚戚焉，他在家園中種松則應是效法二人。正是通過陶淵明，柳樹在後世凝固了隱逸這一意象。也是因為陶淵明，在家園中種松從不吉利的事變成一種風雅行為。通過柳與松的鏈接，也可以較深入透視嵇康等人在文學與思想上對陶淵明產生的具體影響。最後，審視陶淵明與柳和松的關係，也可以附帶肯定〈五柳先生傳〉是其少作這一傳統說法。

The relationship between Tao Yuanming and Ji Kang, Sun Chuo, Zhang Zhan has received little attention from scholars. This article proposes that Ji Kang can be seen as the “Cultural Icon” of Tao Yuanming, and Tao’s preferences for willow was derived from Ji Kang. However, it can also be argued that Tao was profoundly influenced by Sun and Zhang, which is the most likely explanation for his planting of pines in his homestead. The belief that the willow represented seclusion during the thousand years after his death can attributed to the work of Tao, while the planting pines in one’s homestead changed the perception of pines from one of being unlucky to one of elegance. By studying the willow and the pine, we are able to gain further insights on the specific influence which Ji Kang, Sun Chuo and Zhang zhan had on the life of Tao Yuanming, specifically the influence on his literary works and his beliefs. Finally, reviewing the connection between Tao and the willow and the pine, it can be argued that A Biography of the Five-Willow Gentleman, was written by Tao in the early period of his life.