論字書的字形規範及其「竝正」現象——以唐代字樣書為例

The Study in Norm of Character Forms and appearances of Coexisted Standard Characters of Chinese Characters– an instance for dictionaries in Tang Dynasty

字書的編纂，是歷朝歷代文字規範的重要手段，影響也最為廣大。雖然許多字書兼蒐異體，但究其用意主要還是在於確立標準字形，並希望藉此制衡異體俗字的泛濫。在各時代字書的正字之中，幾乎都存在著一種特別的現象，那就是單一文字竟然時常羅列兩個以上的異體正字。此點和現今的文字規範觀念中列舉唯一正字的作法有很大的落差，是值得深入的探究的現象。本文從文字規範的立論，以唐代字書為例，剖析其標準字形的內涵及訴求，並針對其正字中單一文字出現多個正字（竝正）的現象，及其悖於規範目的矛盾及因應方式作一番解析。

Compiling the dictionary is an important mode for stipulating and also be a great influence in all dynasties. Even though many dictionaries conclude variant and non-standard forms, humans still aim at establishing the standard characters and resisting the non-standard forms being rampant. From the aspect of standard characters in the dictionary, there is an applicable and distinctive circumstance to all dynasties, which presents a Chinese character that involves more than two variant non-standard forms that differ extremely from the concept of character manners in today and that is worthy to research in depth. The thesis sets forth the view of the norms of characters and instances the dictionaries in the Tang Dynasty, moreover, analyses in the light of dissecting its connotations and demands; and anatomizing the circumstances of a Chinese character that involves more variant non-standard forms (Variant Appearances), and their responses to the contravention of standard character forms.