□圜器「賞畢土方五十里」析義

The Explanation of Shao-Yuan-Qi: ”Award the Land of 2500 Mile2 of Bi Country”

本文透過西周金文及春秋、戰國時代的文獻，探究□圜器銘中「賞畢土方五十里」一句的意義。具體結論可歸結為以下四點：一、本句銘文的斷句當作「賞畢土」「方五十里」，意指賞賜畢國方五十里的土地給予本器的器主□。二、□是畢公的異姓大臣，曾隨伯懋父出征，而「賞畢土方五十里」極可能是對於□戰功的賞賜。三、「方五十里」的土地約略等同春秋初期齊國卿級貴族的地位，據此推測□自此之後成為畢國的卿。四、本器銘文記載□是經由周天子直接冊命而成為畢國的卿，可知文獻中所謂「天子守國」的制度的確存在，西周時畢國的□與春秋時齊國的國、高二氏，都是由周天子直接冊命的諸侯之卿。

This article explores the meaning of the sentence in the inscription of the circle utensil, ''Award the land of 2500 mile2 of Bi（畢） Country, '' through the references in West Zhou（西周）, Chun-Qiu（春秋）, and Zhan-Guo（戰國）. Here are the four points induced from the concrete conclusion: （1）the pause in this ancient sentence in the inscription is between “Award the land of Bi Country” and ''2500 mile2, which mean that award the land of 2500 mile2 of Bi Country to the owner of this circle utensil Shao（□），（2）it, ''Award the land of 2500 mile2of Bi Country, '' may be the award after a war fight for Shao, the ministers of the Duke of Bi（畢公） who ever followed Bo-Mao-Fu （伯懋父） to fight, （3） ''the land of 2500 mile2” is approximately equivalent to the status of a high official rank in Qi（齊） Country in the early Chun-Qiu, and according to this, Shao is speculated that the senior officials in Qi Country becomes the senior officials in Bi Country from then on, and （4） the inscription of the utensil records it is the King of Zhou（周） Dynasty who directly confers the title upon the senior officials of Bi Country, it is realized that the so-called “the Son of Heaven guarding the country” system really exists, and Shao surname of Bi Country in West Zhou Dynasty and Guo（國） and Gao（高） surnames of Qi Country in Chun-Qiu are all directly conferred the titles upon by the King of Zhou Dynasty as vassals.