論道光帝廟諱與古書中「寧」字的寫法

Studies on Words of Taboo of Daoguang Emperor and the Writing Style of “Ning”

避諱作為一門考訂史實、辨別年份的學問，從民國至近代以來一直蓬勃發展，而紅學界亦曾從避諱之視角，對各傳世抄本《紅樓夢》進行年份辨別，其中所涉及層面包括道光帝廟諱「寧」字的寫法。然學者對諱字的理解各不相同，或以朝廷頒布的條例為據，認為「寕」或「□」為諱字，或以該字為早已存在之俗體。筆者近從《三希堂法帖》中確認前述諱字為早已存在的俗字，並在資料庫協助下，通過道光及其前後鈔刻本之大量實例，具體呈現單以諱字辨別年份之局限性及可能性。亦即，先前以諱字判斷文本時限的論述，當有重新探究之必要，此文也為避諱學之發展提供一新的角度與高度。

The Words of Taboo, commonly used as a way to identify the exact history as well as the year of publication of certain books, has been applied since the beginning of The Republic of China. For example, in studies of The Story of the Red Chamber, Words of Taboo has been used to identify the exact year of manuscripts that employ the writing style of Daoguang Emperor Taboo. However, due to interpretations by various researchers, different conclusions have been drawn. Some researchers hold that “ning” (寕) or “ning” (□) as Words of Taboo are based on the order denoted by the Imperial System, while other researchers maintain that Words of Taboo pre-date the time of the Daoguang Emperor. Based on recent research, the author has confirmed that the “ning” writing style had been used long before the Daoguang Emperor in San xi tang Fa tie. Research using a database, and by studying the writing style of “ning” (寧) in books before and after the Daoguang Emperor, has shown the limitations of using an Words of Taboo to confirm the year in which a book was published. Thus, research based on the study of Words of Taboo, must be re-investigated and revised.