西周金文所見「信、「義」思想考

The Investigation into the Thinking of ''Belief'' and ''Righteousness'' in the Inscription of West Zhow Dynasty

作為儒家道德思想之淵藪，西周諸道德觀念之具體內涵的澄清，無疑是梳理孔子究竟在哪些方面繼承或發展了早期道德思想的前提，而西周金文資料則是建構西周道德體系的基本史料。本文結合出土與傳世文獻，著重討論了西周道德體系中「信」「義」觀念之基本內涵，認為「信」之觀念源於祭禮，根植於生者對待先祖鬼神的虔誠信守之態度，而後逐漸發展為生者之間及生者與死者之間的普遍道德約守；而「義」的本質則是忠義。

As the gathering place of the Confucian morality thinking the clarification of the concrete meaning in all kinds of the concepts of morality in West Zhow Dynasty undoubtedly sorts aspects in which on earth Confucius inherited or developed the premise of the early thinking of morality; the information about the inscription articles in West Zhow Dynasty was the basic historical materials that established the system of the morality in West Zhow Dynasty. This article combines the references that were dug out of the excavation and handed down from generations, focuses on the discussion on the basic meaning of the concepts of ''belief'' and ''righteousness'' in the system of the morality in West Zhow Dynasty, and thinks that the concept of ''belier'' comes from sacrificial rites——the attitude of the piety and commitment to treat ancestors, gods and ghosts is ingrained in living people and later gradually becomes the common and arbitrary compliance of morality among living people and between living and dead people. The essence of ''righteousness'' is loyalty and justice.