國中學期中考試焦慮現象之調查研究

PHENOMMENAL STUDY OF TEST ANXIETY DURING THE TERM PERIOD

本研究從社區心理衛生的觀點，討論學校社區中，建立整體性的「考試焦慮負向效果減除」之計劃的實際問題。目前欲建立上述計劃尚缺兩類資料之收集，其中一類即為學校全學期中，自然環境下，學生考試焦慮變化之現象的瞭解。本研究即嘗試收集這方面的資料。在臺北市的十二所國中各進行三次考試焦慮之測量，其中第一次與第三次測量的施測時間在十二所國中都是相同的，但第二次測量則分配在三個月考前後的不同時間劃；資料處理着重在以第一次與第三次測量作為共變項，對第二次測量資料作共變分析。取得之樣本共計4,695人。結果分析得到：(1)各校的三次測驗，兩兩間的相關，除第十三校之外，在0.48到0.85之間，測量之信度尚稱滿意。(2)共變分析的結果發現國中生在第一月考時的考試焦慮程度比第二、第三月考的程度低，但學生的主觀評量則相反。另外，月考前一天的焦慮程度反而比考前一週的焦慮低，這與學生的主觀評量亦相反。(3)焦慮情境的分析結果，以及焦慮狀態下的生理行為反應，兩者均與吳英璋與袁以雯（民71）的結果相同，顯示這方面在國中環境與國中生身上，是相當穩定的。這些調查結果回饋到學校社區心理衛生計劃之擬定，及相對於進一步研究的需要，亦在文後提出討論。

Taking the school as a community, the planning of a mental health program to attenuate the negative effect of test anxiety, for the moment, needed two kinds of data. One of them is the phenomeneel study of the vicissitude of test anxiety during the term period. And this is the focus of this study. 12 junior high schools chosen to fulfill this purpose. Three repetition of measurements of test anxiety were arranged in each of the 12 schools. The timing of the 1st and 3rd measurements was the same for all of the 12 schools, while that of the 2nd measurement was scattered systematically within the term period. Analysis of data was emphasized upon the 2nd measurement, taking the 1st and 3rd measurement as covariates. The results showed: (1) the reliability of the tests, estimated from the correlation between each pair of the three measurements, ranging from 0.48 to 0.85. (2) ANACOVA indicated the degree of test anxiety was a little bit low er at the first monthly examination than that at the 2nd and 3rd monthly exa mination. However, the subjective rating by the students was contrariwise. Taking a further step forward, it showed that the degree of test anxiety was higher a week before taking monthly examination than that of test anxiety a day before taking monthly examination. Again, the subjective rating of the student was contrariwise. (3) Analysis of situations that easily elicite test anxiety, and analysis of the physiological reactions, as well as the behavioral pattern of the anxious state were found to be, generally speaking, the same as the previous study (Wu & Yuan, 1982). Possible contribution of the results of this study to the planning of the progrom to attunate test anxiety was mentioned at the end of this paper.