學習障礙學童腦功能與危險因素間之關聯性

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH-RISK FACTORS AND MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN LEARNING DISABLED CHILDREN

十九世紀末葉以後，歐美學者經過不斷的研究，發現學習障礙是因個體腦部受到輕微損傷或腦功能失常所致。本研究為了解我國學習障礙學童於出生前後暨出生時，是否曾發生使腦部受損的事件，以及其與學童腦功能失常間的關聯，以臺北市劍潭國民小學低年級學童中智商在85以上，但國語文數學能力低落一學年，並有腦功能輕微失常之68位學童為對象，進行研究。結果發現，在20項感覺統合測驗中，除「觸點識位」、「左右分辨」、「雙側動作協調」及「超越身體中線」等四項測驗外，其餘16項成績的高低，均與母親在懷孕時是否生病、生產方式，以及嬰兒出生時是否缺氧、有無黃疸，暨出生後頭部是否曾受傷、有無抽筋，在統計上呈顯著相關。又感覺統合功能失常現象，如前庭系統失常、本體感覺系統失常、觸覺系統失常、形狀與空間知覺不良，眼肌與姿勢機轉不良、大腦半球功能失調、單側專門化不足及手指徐動症等，亦與其有密切關聯。

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between highrisk factors and minimal brain dysfunction in learning disabled children from July 1982 to August 1984. The study subjects were consisted of 68 first and second graders of Taipei City Jiann-Tarn Primary School, 51 boys and 17 girls. These children have minimal brain dysfunction with IQ above 85 and academic achievement level below the individua's schooling by one schoolyear. The findings of this study showed high correlation between high-risk factors, such as sickness or complication during mother pregnancy; ways of delivery; oxygen deficiency at birth; neonatal jaundice; head injury; convulsion in childhood, and minimal brain dysfunction, such as vestibular dysfunction, proprioceptive dysfunction, tactile dysfunction, poor form and space perception, poor ocular and postural mechanism, hemispheral dysfunction, poor lateralization, choreoathetosis. The incidence of learning disabled is higher among boys than among girls: three to one. The findings revealed that the individual activity level before 1 year old as well as parent's education level highly correlated with higher level of sensory integration function, rather than basic sensory integration function which correlated with paranatal risk factors. The findings support the notion that a significant correlation between high-risk factors and minimal brain dysfunction in learning disabled children.