推展兒童輔導工作之回顧與展望——「東門方案」實施之成效與檢討

DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF A COUNSELING PROGRAM FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: A REVIEW

臺北市東門國小自民國四十九年開始實施「東門方案」，此方案是由兒童心理衛生學者家及學校實際工作者組成研究小組，藉個案研究的輔導原則與技術，來設計與兒童輔導有關的課程內容，使輔導理論知識與實際輔導工作配合，以積極的預防輔導為主，矯治輔導為副，來推展兒童輔導工作。本文係針對此一方案二十七年來的實施狀況，分八個部份來敍述：壹、實施「東門方案」的緣起。貳、初期專家指導階段（民國49年－52年）。叁、發展階段。肄、國小輔導工作推廣期（民國64年－72年）。伍、團輔全國實施期（民國72年迄今）。陸、檢討與改進。柒、建議與期待。捌、結語。經過二十七年的實驗證明，「東門方案」注重教師的研習，溝通全校教師的輔導觀念，然後才能將輔導的精神融入各科教學和各項教育活動中，充分發揮愛心，給予兒童適才適性的輔導，的確不失為推動輔導活動往下紮根的良好模式，值得全力推廣實施。

East Gate Project, a counseling program for primary school children, initiated by several professors in child mental health in 1960, in order to develop an appropriate mental health program in primary schools. The program mainly emphasizes primary prevention, such as enhance and promote children's health or training their coping skills; treatment or rehabilitation as secondary issues. The East Gate Elementary School has been chosen as a demonstration school in Taipei City. During the past 27 years, the East Gate Project has evoluted from outside professional-help stage into self-help stage, and further develop, assist for other primary schools' counseling work. The service persons also extended from nloy problem students to the whole school children and even the whole school campus, the teachers and the staff workers. Right now the mothers of first grade students also participate in a mothers' self-growth group. The counsultation service for other primary school counselers has been provided too. The method has been added from individual one to one techniques to the group therapy and even the class as one unit. After reviewing the developmental process on the East Gate Project, it really sets a good model to the children's counseling fields. The involvement of all the school teachers, the communication among teachers, students, parents and counselers, the introduction on counseling concept and techniques to the whole campus activities, and so on, will provide an environment with warmth, Ivoe, and respect to enhance the mental health of the school children.