臺灣大學生的心理求助歷程之探討

THE EXPLORATION OF THE CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS' HELP-SEEKING AND RECEIVING PROCESSES

心理求助歷程的探討包括八個方面：(1)對心理問題的歸因方式，(2)醫療體系的選用，(3)心理動力因素的影響，(4)對精神病人的態度，(5)社會支持，(6)對國人使用心理輔導此項服務的態度及個人使用意願，(7)求助途徑，(8)上述各變項間的關係之探討。受試者乃615名北部十所大學學生。獨變項為廿個人口統計變項。八種測量工具測度上述(1)至(7)七個變項及社會喜愛度。研究結果如下：(1)人口統計變項對求助歷程每一變項皆有影響。其中以性別、學院及學生的宗教信仰影響最大，而家庭組織型態、家庭所在地、及家庭居所環境影響最小。(2)社會支持和個人使用心理輔導的意願有正向顯著性關係。(3)歸因方式和醫療體系的選用有正相關。(4)兩個心理動力因素（恥感及否認）和對國人使用心理輔導的態度及個人使用意願呈負相關。(5)學生的心理輔導使用率偏低。(6)社會支持和對精神病人的態度間沒有顯著關係。(7)學生的求助對象為朋友（同學）、家人、老師，而非心理專業人員。以研究結果比較傳統中國人和現代大學生的求助歷程以及中美大學生的求助歷程之異同。研究結果對大學輔導之作的啟示及建議列舉於後。

615 Chinese college students from ten universities in Taiwan were studied. Twenty demographic characteristics were the independent variables. Eight dependent measures (including a social desirability scale) were used to study college students' help-seeking processes. The dependent variables were: (a) students' ways of interpreting psychological problems, (b) selection of healing systems, (c) attitudes and personal propensity toward counseling use, (d) underlying psychodynamics, (e) attitudes toward the mentally-ill, (f) social support, and (g) help-seeking pathways. The relationships among these factors were also studied. Multivariate profile analyses were conducted to study the influences of demographic differences on dependent variables (a), (b), (c) and (d). One-way ANOVAs or t-tests were used to study the influences of demographic differences on (e) and (f). Chi-square tests were used to study the characteristics of counseling services and psychological tests users and the relationships between (e) and (f), (c) and (f). Multivariate tests of independence were used to study the relationships between (a) and (b), (c) and (d). The results were: (1) Demographic characteristics played important roles in students' help-seeking processes. Sex, college major, and student's religion consistently had significant relationships with the dependent variables. However, family organization, origin and family environment played less important roles. (2) Social support related positively with propensity toward counseling use; (3) Students' interpretive models related positively with their selection of healing systems; (4) Two underlying psychodynamics related negatively with propensity toward counseling use; (5) Students underused counseling services; and. (6) Students' attitudes toward the mentally-ill were unrelated with social support. The results of descriptive analyses indicated that students sought help from peers, family and teachers rather than from psychological professionals. Chinese college students tended not to use traditional Chinese help-seeking processes. Similar and different results found in the study of Chinese and American college students were compared. Implications for counseling Chinese college students were discussed. Some culturally-related counseling programs and workshops were suggested.