臺灣地區大學生失落事件、失落反應與調適行為之描述性研究——以北部四所大學為例

Taiwan College Studdents' Reaction to Loss And Coping Mechanisms: A Descriptive Study

本研究係以338位就讀於台灣地區北部四所大學之一至四年級男女學生為對象，旨在瞭解大學生於近兩年內遭遇的失落事件，失落反應與調適行為的情形。採回溯式結構性問卷，進行描述性資料分析，主要研究發現說明如下：大學生常發生的失落與在學校中課業學習挫敗、及人際關係疏離有關，但影響最久的是與親人死亡或家庭變故有關。大學生選出影響最久的失落事件中人數比例最高的是「結束男（女）朋友的關係」。在失落反應部份，大學生最強烈的情緒反應是「傷心」；最常出現的生理反應是「精疲力竭」；持續時間最久的認知反應是「滿腦子想著失落的事件（或人、物）」；持續時間最久的行為反應是「避免觸及會讓我想起失落事件的人、事、物」。在調適行為部份，大學生最常運用的調適方式是「獨處，自己想想事情」，但最多人會運用「慢慢接受事實情況」的方式。大學生較少運用朋友以外的支持系統來處理失落。不同類型的失落所引起的失落反應與調適行為各有異同處。依據以上研究發現，建議：短期目標是大學院校中導師、各行政人員，輔導老師都能接受有關「失落與調適」方面的知能訓練，以能主動提供大學生處理失落適切的協助與支援。中程目標是建立並落實校園危機處理網絡，讓校園內學生失落事件的處理，由預防到治療層面都有健全的輔導服務。長程目標是開設死亡教育相關課程，推廣學生對死亡的認知並學習處理失落，增進學生對危機處理的心理準備，進而能對生命及生活產生積極、健康的人生態度。

This study aims to explore reactions to loss and coping mechanisms by analyzing 338 college students who have experienced different losses in their lives. The major findings are as follows: 1. Most college students experienced failing grades in classes, and/or the death of an extended family member, and/or the ending of a friendship. 2. The death of a loved one had a longer lasting impact on college students than other losses. 3. Among 24 classified kinds of losses, approximately 15 percent of college students considered the ending of a love relationship had the most influential impact on their lives. 4. There were four domains of loss reactions that are investigated in this study. First, most subjects indicated that sadness was the strongest and the most common emotion that associated with loss. Second, about 53 percent of the subjects reported that exhaustion was the most common physical reaction accompanying loss. Third, the subjects indicated that the longest-lasting cognitive reaction was their thoughts being occupied by the loss. Finally, the longest-lasting behavioral reaction by the subjects was to avoid reminders of the loss. 5. The most frequent method of coping with a loss by college students was to think alone after the loss. In addition, approximately 86 percent of the subjects chose gradual acceptance of the loss as the coping mechanism.