孩子眼中家務參與的快樂感

Evaluation of Children's Happiness with Housework

研究目的：本研究以傳統家務分工理論、快樂理論，與心理社會發展理論為前置觀點，主要目的是從正向的觀點來瞭解孩子家務參與的快樂因子。研究方法：採質化研究中的焦點團體訪談法，共訪問北部與南部就讀小學、國中、高中、大學等不同階段的孩子共8組。再以內容分析法抽出所蒐集到資訊的概念與範疇。研究結果：研究發現主要可從三方面來看：1.如果家務具有休閒性，符合個人偏好，或容易完成，做家務的當下就會感到快樂。2.當參與家務可滿足孩子學習生活技能、成就感、自主性、正向回饋、外在形象維持的需求時，孩子做家務也是快樂的。3.當家務參與可分擔家人辛勞、可以提升家庭生活品質，或可促使家人間有更多相聚與互動的機會，也會使孩子做家務後有更多的快樂。研究結論：本研究結果呼應快樂理論中的「歷程與活動理論」，即家務活動參與當下就有快樂的感受；以及「需求與目標理論」的觀點，說明快樂感受是來自達成家務目標與需求後。同時，研究結果也提出，了解家務參與滿足孩子的需求時，應同時考慮孩子發展的任務更具意義。最後，研究結果所引發的親職教育意涵也值得重視。

Purpose: this study investigates the factors affecting the happiness of children participating in housework using the perspectives of classical housework theories, happiness theories, and psychosocial stage theories. Methods: to collect data, I conducted 8 focus group interviews, a qualitative research method, with children from elementary, middle, and high schools as well as undergraduates from schools located in the northern and southern areas of Taiwan. Content analysis was used to extract concepts and categories from the data. Results: the three main findings are as follows: first, when housework becomes a form of leisure, a personal preference, or a task that can be easily completed, children feel immediately joyful in doing housework; second, when personal developmental needs can be fulfilled by learning new skills, conquering difficulties, having the autonomy of doing housework, receiving positive rewards, or maintaining the external image of being in good shape, children enjoy doing housework; and third, children’s attitudes toward housework become more positive by reducing the pressure on their parents, increasing the quality of family life, and devoting more family time to doing housework together. Conclusions: the first result can be explained by process and activity theories, while the second and third results can be explained by need and goal theories. In addition, I found that to understand the reason underlying the happiness of children participating in housework, tasks performed during the child’s developmental stages should also be considered. Advice on parenting education is proposed on the basis of the results of this study.