自殘青少年併有與不併有邊緣人格特質者在經驗迴避、生死態度及控制感的差異

A Comparison of Attitudes toward Life and Death, Experiential Avoidance, and Sense of Control among Self-Mutilative Adolescents with and without Borderline Personality Traits

研究目的：探討邊緣人格特質青少年自我傷害行為之相對風險性、其自殘行為特性與相關心理特質。研究方法：針對南台灣某專科學校學生共2067名依據邊緣人格特質與自傷行為的有無，將所有學生分派為四組，每組再隨機各抽取25名受試，進行進一步的探討。研究結果：在2015位的有效樣本中具邊緣人格特質者約有7%；有自傷行為者約有9.7%。邊緣人格特質青少年出現自傷的相對風險是不具邊緣人格特質青少年的22倍、並且顯著使用較多樣的自殘方法、在某些特定自殘方法亦顯著有較高的使用頻次。在經驗迴避、生死態度、控制感等心理變項上，邊緣人格特質青少年自殘者、不具邊緣人格特質青少年自殘者、以及不具邊緣人格特質且無自殘行為者三組呈顯著的線性趨勢。研究結論：邊緣人格特質青少年出現自傷的相對風險顯著偏高，其自殘者經驗迴避傾向最高，對生命的態度最負向且最排斥，其負向控制感最高、正向控制感最低，較容易出現不利後果或適應不良情況。

Purpose: This study examines the relative risks of self-injurious behaviors among adolescents with borderline personality traits (BPT). It also identifies the characteristics of self-mutilative adolescents with BPT and identifies correlations with various psychological factors. Methods: According to the Chinese Personality Disorders Inventory-- BPD criteria, a tota l of 2,067 students (556 males, 1511 females, with mean age 16.5) in an institute of technology from southern Taiwan were divided into 4 groups: with or without BPT traits and self-injurious behaviors. Twenty-five participants in each group were randomly sampled for further investigation. Results: Of the 2,015 valid participants, 7% fulfilled the criteria of BPT. For the entire sample, the prevalence rate of self-injurious behavior was 9.7%. The self-injurious rate of adolescents with BPT was much higher than those without BPT (odds ratio = 22). Compared to other groups, self-mutilative adolescents with BPT were significantly inclined to adopt multiple self-mutilation methods, and were also significantly frequent users of some particular self-mutilation methods. According to trend analyses, significant linear trends were found in the psychological factors related to experiential avoidance, attitudes toward life and death, and sense of control for groups of self-mutilative adolescents with BPT, self-mutilative adolescents without BPT, and the non self-mutilative non BPT group. Conclusions: The high risk self-mutilative behaviors among those with BPT are worthy of notice. Self-mutilative adolescents with BPT indicated the highest tendency of experiential avoidance, negative sense of control, negative attitudes toward life and death, and the highest repulsion by life. They showed the least positive sense of control, as well. Moreover, they were more vulnerable to negative consequences or were maladapted. Lastly, implications of the results and future research possibilities are discussed.