金門新移民女性的盼望：社會資本在地方依附與適應間的中介效果

Expectations of Kinmen Immigrant Women: The Mediating Effect of Social Capital on Place Attachment and Adaptation

研究目的：由於金門的風俗民情及特殊地理位置的影響，金門縣每16戶家庭即有一戶是由新移民女性組成，在金門各界有一定的影響力，新移民女性的相關研究成為值得探討的議題。本研究乃探討新移民家庭在金門所衍生的各項適應的問題，嘗試從地方依附、社會資本的觀點來探討其對適應的影響。研究方法：本研究以金門縣新移民女性有效問卷589份，採驗證性因素分析、相關分析、及結構方程模式來檢測量表的信效度以及驗證新移民女性其社會資本在地方依附及適應間的中介效果。研究結果：（1）社會資本在地方依附及文化適應、生活適應間具完全中介效果；（2）社會資本在地方依附及心理適應間具部分中介效果。研究結論：本研究發現社會資本的鄰居連結構面在對三個適應的模型中的負荷值皆較高，原因在於女性的社會資本大多與鄰居網絡相關，且鄰居之間建立信任及社會網絡關係是移入者可以久居的重要因素之一，研究結果顯示社會資本對金門新移民女性的重要性。

Purpose: Kinmen’s culture and its unique geographical location affect the household composition in Kinmen. Women immigrants compose one over sixteen families in Kinmen County. Because of the high populations of the women immigrants, the immigrant women have a significant influence in different areas in Kinmen County, which makes the study of immigrant women in Kinmen county become an interesting and challenging research topic. In this study, we investigated the mediating effect of social capital between place attachment and various aspects of life adaptation. Methods: We analyzed questionnaires completed by 589 immigrant women from Kinmen County in Taiwan. We validated the proposed model based on confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, variance analysis, and structure equation modeling. Results: The results of the analysis indicated that (1) social capital mediates between place attachment and cultural adaptation and between place attachment and life adaptation, and (2) social capital partially mediates between place attachment and psychological adaptation. Conclusions: This research discovers, in all three models, neighborhood connections dimension within social capital has the highest factor loading among three different dimensions. The root cause is women social capital is highly related to neighborhood network, and having the trust and social relationship between neighborhoods is one of the critical factors deciding whether the immigrants can successfully settle down in Kinmen County. In short, this research shows the importance of social capital to women immigrants in Kinmen County.