社會支持在壓力反應歷程中的中介效果

The Mediatory Effect of Social Support in the Stress-Response Process

研究目的：本研究的目的有二，首先檢驗「壓力—反應」歷程中，社會支持所扮演的中介效果，以瞭解其壓力舒緩的功能；其次，分析工作壓力、生活壓力與社會支持等變項，對身心健康所產生的影響，進而瞭解這些變項間的關係。研究方法：本研究為統合分析法，透過電腦資料庫，以壓力為關鍵字進行資料檢索，最後共蒐集得135篇符合本研究需求之研究報告，經統合分析後，獲得各變項間11×11的相關矩陣；其次以上述所得之11×11的相關矩陣為資料，再使用結構方程模式檢驗「壓力—社會支持—反應」模式。研究結果：本研究所提出的模式與所蒐集資料間相適配，顯示工作壓力與生活壓力越大，個人身心健康狀況越差，但有了社會支持的中介之後，壓力對身心健康的負向影響將降低。其中生活壓力對身心健康直接效果的標準化參數值降至-.35，比全體效果值減少了-.11，此結果表示壓力的負向影響雖然仍然存在，但程度已降低，標準化參數值-.11則顯示社會支持對身心健康的正向影響。研究結論：社會支持在「壓力—反應」過程中的中介效果，確實發揮壓力舒緩的作用，也支持了本研究的假設。

Purpose: This study firstly examined the mediatory effect of social support in the stress-response process for the stress-relief function. Secondly, it explored the impact of the stress-response process on an individual’s physical and mental health by analyzing variables such as work stress, daily stress, and social support in order to understand the relationships between the variables. Methods: Using the keyword stress, 135 reports meeting the study needs were identified from National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan and PerioPath Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System. Meta-analysis was used to create an 11x11 correlation matrix between the variables, and then structural equation modeling was used to examine the stress-social support-response model. Results: The results demonstrated that the model developed in the second stage matched the analysis conducted in the first stage. These results support the idea that daily stress in individuals’ lives has a negative impact on their physical and mental health. However, through the mediator of social support, the standard parameter of the direct effect of daily stress on physical and mental health was lowered to -.35, which was .11 lower than the total effect value. Although the impact of stress was reduced, it was still negative. However, the overall impact of social support was positive. Conclusions: The hypothesis was sustained: social support had a mediatory effect with a stress-relief function in the stress-response process.