精神疾病污名感受量表及其短版之心理計量特性

Psychometric Properties of the Perceived Psychiatric Stigma Scale and Its Short Version

研究目的：精神疾病污名影響華人患者的症狀表現與疾病行為甚鉅，但目前仍缺乏本土社會下所發展的精神疾病污名自填量表。研究方法：本研究透過文獻查證及訪談，針對華人社會特性，編製「精神疾病污名感受量表」共25題，並以精神科門診255名患者與住院患者34名為樣本，建立量表信、效度。研究結果：量表內部一致性為.94，隔週再測信度為.90；量表因素分為「他人排斥貶抑」、「婚配阻礙」及「自設負面標籤」三項，嚴重型精神病患的得分顯著高於輕型患者，且病患污名感受較強者，其隔週後的自尊得分較低。以項目因素負荷量之考量所擬定的短版量表共有12題，信、效度同樣表現良好。研究結論：整體而言，本量表適合用來評估華人社會中，個體所感受到的精神疾病污名，臨床服務與病理研究皆可適用。

Purpose: The psychiatric stigma greatly affects symptom manifestation and illness behaviors of Chinese patients. However, there is still lacking a self-report scale that may be helpful for empirical research. Methods: Through literature review and case interviews, the present study aimed to embrace the Chinese characteristics into assessment tool and developed a 25-item Perceived Psychiatric Stigma Scale. Data of 255 psychiatric outpatients and 34 inpatients were used to establish reliability and validity of the scale. Results: The Cronbach’s α was .94 and test-retest reliability with 1-week interval was .90. Moreover, factor analysis yielded three factors, i.e., fear of social ostracism, concerns over marital preclusion, and self-deprecation. The averaged scale score was higher in the outpatients with severe psychiatric illnesses than those with mild psychiatric illnesses, and the perceived stigma of inpatients could predict low self-esteem assessed 1 week later. The 12-item short version of the scale formed based on factor loadings was also noted to have satisfactory reliability and validity. Conclusions: To sum up, this scale and its short version are applicable to assess the perceived psychiatric stigma in Chinese societies for both clinical service and psychopathological research.