不同理論心目中的良好習懫

SELF-PROFITING HABITS IN THE EYES OF PSYCHOTHERAPISTS

本文根據「良好習慣多不良習慣少乃健康心態」的看法對於良好習慣的種類作了進一步的探討。因篇幅有限，本文僅參考了八大學派對於這問題的看法。探討了這八大學派的看法之後，整理出來一共58則良好習慣。這58則習慣又可大分為五大類，諸如：（1）以自然現象為對象的習慣，（2）以環境為對象的習慣，（3）以事業為對象的習慣，（4）以他人為對象的習慣，和（5）以自己為對象的習慣。相信，進一步參考這八大學派以外的其他學派的看法，我們一定可得更多的良好習慣。如果我們能把大家共同認為有利於心理健康的基本良好習慣全部列舉出來，這項工作對於將來之教育、心理治療，尤其心理衛生教育、心理衛生行政一定有莫大助益。本文僅作了開始，但相信「良好習慣多，不良習慣少，謂之健康心態」的心理衛生定義可把古今中外各家對於心理健康的看法容納於同一系統。本文僅提到孔子學說對於良好習慣的某一部份看法。如果此類研究能繼續下去，將來我們就可分析比較中西古今學者對於良好習慣的看法的異同。

In this paper, Confucianism and seven theories of psychotherapy are reviewed to see what kinds of habits are deemed as good or self-profiting by the propounders of these theories. Theories reviewed include ones developed by Freud Jung, Adler, Erikson, Allport, Rogers, Maslow and Confucius. 58 habits deemed to be good or self-profiting by them were discussed and classified into five groups; namely, habits concerning with the nature, environments, work, other persons and the self. With a belief that such a kind of review will benefit therapists to help patients learn self-profiting habits and facilitate their daily adjustment, the author claimed that the same reviews be farther conducted with other theories of Psychotherapy and Chinese Philosophical Systems other than Confucianism.