該不該問「為甚麽」：從治療理論與實徵研究談治療技巧的使用時機

ON THE QUESTION OF ASKING QUESTIONS

本文旨在探討治療者究竟該不該、或者何時可使用「問為甚麽」及「闡釋」等技巧。本文採自「問」自「答」的方式，嘗試從格斯塔治療理論、心理分析治療理論等觀點着眼，並引徵心理學其他領域中有關的研究以探究此一問題。格據文獻整理，本文指出格斯塔治療學派對於心理分析治療學派的批評是對錯叁半的。在某些情況下，「問為甚麼」與「闡釋」仍具有相當的臨床價值，因此，在這些情況下，可為臨床上有用的治療技巧。

In Gestalt Therapy, ''questions'' and ''interpretations'' generally are discouraged. Because the Gestalt Therapy regards ''asking questions'' frequently requests a person to explain himself, to defend himself or to manipulate others. Therefore, ''why questions'' are avoided, and Gestalt therapy asserts itself as noninterpretative that avoids any kind of explanation of behavior. ''Interpretation'' is considered as a ''psychoanalysis game''. And even when it is valid, leads only to intellectual insight rather than behavior change. Taking both theoretical and empirical viewpoints, this article discusses the issues of when to ''ask why'' and/or ''make interpretations''. It is argued that ''asking questions'' and ''making interpretations'' under some circumstances may have significant clinical effects, and the refore, under these circumstances, can be recommended as useful therapeutic techniques.