家庭心理學的開展與研究特點

The Evolution and Research Perspective of Family Psychology

作為心理學學術研究與專業實務的一個新興領域，家庭心理學本身的發展還有待持續的努力。不過對於此一新興學科在發展過程中，面臨來自家庭研究、家庭治療及心理學其他相關領域，在定位（identity）或認同問題上的質疑，本文作了一番討論與澄清，以幫助讀者能更具體的瞭解它的訴求重點與特色。整體而言，家庭心理學是心理學的一支，致力於探討個人與其家庭內外關係的問題，以改善人類的家庭生活品質；因此，它成立的目的是希望既能成為一門科學，同時也是一項專業，使能結合理論與實務、研究與訓練，以及兼顧預防性與治療性的臨床應用。在這樣的訴求目標下，它採用了不同於傳統心理學以個人為探討重心，而改採系統論的思維觀點來處理所面對的問題。而在現今發展出來的眾多系統思維觀點中，本文特別強調所謂的「整合的、歷程的系統思維觀點」（integrative process systems perspective）。最後，本文以實例進一步說明「整合的、歷程的系統思維觀點」的研究應用。

As a new evolving field in basic research and professional practice of psychology, the development of family psychology still needs more attention. Besides giving an integrated definition of family, psychology, this paper discusses and clarifies the challenges of identity or identification that comes from outside, like the family study, family therapy and other fields of psychology, in order to help readers to become familiar with this discipline. On the whole, family psychology is a new field of psychology, engaging in studying the relationships between members of a family, and the factors outside the family relating to the quality of family life. Therefore, this new evolving field hopes to become a science and profession that can combine both theory and practice, research and training, and prevention and therapy. With such a goal, the research perspective of family psychology focuses on ''systems perspectives'' rather than the traditional psychology which focuses on individuals. Among the present multiple viewpoints of general system theory, this paper emphasizes an ''integrative process systems perspective''. Finally, this paper further illustrates the application of ''integrative process systems perspectives'' through several studies.