「自殺危險程度量表」的編製及其信、效度考驗

Constructing a Scale of Suicidal Risk and Testing its Reliability and Validity

本研究旨在編製一份評估自殺程度的量表，並考驗其信、效度。根據文獻的整理，本研究認為此份量表的內容需包括自殺意念、自殺動機、先前的自殺行為，以及自殺計劃與臨終安排等。研究一主要是探討「自殺危險程度量表」的信度及同時性效度，研究結果顯示「自殺危險程度量表」有不錯的內部一致性及再測信度，與「撒謊量表」的相關不大，此種結果說明了「自殺危險程度量表」的內容趨於共通性，且反應的穩定度是可被接受的。研究一的結果也顯示「自殺危險程度量表」與「自殺機率量表」、「無望感量表」、「自殺傾向量表（一）」及「自殺傾向量表（二）」有不錯的相關，此種結果說明「自殺危險程度量表」有令人可接受的關聯性效度。研究二主要是透過輔導老師晤談在「自殺危險程度量表」得分高的學生，以驗證「自殺危險程度量表」的預測性。研究結果顯示，高危險群與中危險群在「活下去的意願」、「自殺念頭」與「自殺念頭的頻率」三項題目的反應分佈差異達到統計上之顯著性。此種結果表示高危險的學生比中危險的學生比較不太想活下去，有較多的自殺念頭。由本研究的結果可知，「自殺危險程度量表」具有令人接受的信、效度。

To construct a scale of suicidal risk and to test its reliability and validity, this research proposes that suicidal ideation, suicidal motivation, earlier suicidal attempts, and suicidal plans should be key components of this scale. Study I explores the reliability and concurrent validity of the Scale of Suicidal Risk. The results indicate acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Mild correlation with the Lie Scale, and good correlation with the Suicidal Probability Scale, Hopelessness Scale, and Suicidal Intent Scale(I) & (II) were also found. In Study II, the predictive validity of the scale is examined. Interviews were conducted by school counselors for those students who scored high in the scale. The high-risk group displayed higher scores than other groups on items of suicidal ideation and frequency of suicidal ideation; but lower scores on the ''the will to live'' item showed acceptable reliability and validity.