影響兒童心智發展的危險因子——發展中的危機與轉機

Risk Factors and Child Mental Development: Developmental Risk and Resilience

危險因子研究（risk-factor research）在公共衛生、流行病學及心理衛生相關領域中，已成為重要的研究課題。本文回顧整理在兒童心智發展方面，相關危險因子研究的文獻，首先探討危險因子研究的基本概念、研究方法與研究策略；闡釋近年來在行為問題及精神疾病高危險群兒童的相關研究上，所得到的幾個重要的基本觀念；並分別討論與兒童心智發展有關的生物學、養育、家庭及社會的危險因子及保護因子，闡述這些因子對兒童發展造成影響之機制；最後結論中就相關危險因子研究對理論架構、臨床應用及政策制定等方面的影響，以及本土相關研究的成果與未來可能之展望方向做一討論。

Risk-factor study is an important agenda in recent public health, epidemiology and mental health related research fields. This paper reviewed the risk-factor studies in the context of child mental development, and explored the basic concepts, research methods and research strategies. The main ideas summarized from recent high-risk group studies of child behavioral problems and mental disorders were announced. This paper also illustrated risk and protective factors, including biological, parenting, family, social factors and their interactive mechanism. The conclusions revealed the contributions of these child high-risk group studies about theoretical construction, clinical application, policymaking and further research directions.