記憶的權力——殖民時代下澳門雕塑

The Power of Memory—Sculptures of Macau during the Colonial Period

在兩岸四地中澳門常被忽略，其相關的書寫記錄亦相對較少，本文嘗試透過殖民時代下澳門雕塑紀念物的分析，探討澳門在中國與葡萄牙兩國的文化共存與分治權力下，對地方記憶的影響及反思。
地方是社會所建構，凝聚了人類歷史以及記憶並界定了文化與認同，是社會鬥爭下的政治結果，文章透過紀念物的書寫嘗試拼湊出更多面向的記憶。60年代澳門的發生的「一二．三事件」，豎立在議事亭前地的美士堅打（Vicente Nicolau de Mesquita）（1818-1880）雕塑在反殖民抗爭運動中遭示威者拉倒，殖民者塑造的民族英雄倒下彷彿連同權力與帝國記憶一同被摧毀；文章提到的另一件雕塑亞馬留總督（J.M. Ferreira do Amaral）（1803-1849）於40年代從里斯本運
到澳門並舉行盛大揭幕，最後卻在落寞下回到葡萄牙。葡方以正面描述為民族英雄，相反中方則認為是殖民侵略的象徵，需要遺忘的地方羞恥記憶。澳門是亞洲最早的殖民地之一，從殖民管治、世界冷戰到
1999年政權移交中國，為歐洲殖民主義在亞洲寫上句號，多年來政治分裂的歷史如何形塑出今天的澳門社會，本文嘗試從歷史文獻資料的解讀及實地考察，溯源澳門文化認同的形成，並為其多面性的歷史記憶進行書寫記錄，反思本土文化特質及其身份，並從經驗中獲得啟示學習。

In the context of cross-strait relations, Macau is often overlooked, and the related writings are relatively scarce. This article attempts to explore the impact and reflection of Macau’s cultural coexistence and divided governance under China and Portugal through an analysis of colonial-era sculptures and monuments.
Place is constructed by society, encapsulating human history and memory while defining culture and identity. It is a political outcome of social struggles. The article seeks to piece together multifaceted memories through the writings on these monuments. The“1-2-3 Incident”in Macau during the 1960s saw the statue of Vicente Nicolau de Mesquita (1818-1880), erected in the Praça do Senado, toppled by demonstrators as part of the anti-colonial movement. The fall of this colonial-era national hero symbolically destroyed not only the figure itself but also the power and imperial memory associated with it. another statue mentioned in the article is that of Governor J.M. Ferreira do Amaral (1803-1849), which was transported from Lisbon to Macau in the 1940s and unveiled with great fanfare, only to eventually return to Portugal in solitude. The Portuguese narrative presents him as a national hero, while the Chinese perspective views him as a symbol of colonial aggression, representing a shameful memory that needs to be forgotten. Macau is one of the earliest colonies in Asia, and from colonial governance and the Cold War to the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1999, it marked the end of European colonialism in Asia. This article attempts to trace the formation of Macau’s cultural identity through the interpretation of historical documents and field investigations, documenting its multifaceted historical memories. It reflects on local cultural characteristics and identity, drawing insights from these experiences.