老技術、新載體、與情感認同：一個習近平時期創建文明城市的研究案例

Old Techniques, New Carriers, and Affective Identifications: A Case Study of Innovatively Constructing City of Civility in the Xi Jinping Period

評鑑中國城市的指標許多，比如「國家衛生城市」、「優秀旅遊城市」、「國際花園城市」等等；而在習近平時期，「文明城市」已然成為評鑑地方領導之治理能力的首要項目。文明城市不僅體現中國夢和社會主義核心價值觀，且具體化以黨（中宣部、政法委）領政的地方「綜合治理」模式。本研究透過蘇南某四線城市永安（化名）「創文」（創建文明城市）的田野調查研究，藉由常民的日常生活實作，以探究何謂具有中國特色的現代文明想像和慾望，如何「創建」、如何動員幹部和人民群眾。此外，創文是否以及如何改變或新生了什麼樣的社會慣習？又是否滋生了人際互動的新型情感認同？而在此過程中，什麼樣的人被拋棄、排除、隔離？又是否也同時轉變了、或強化了既存的社會階序？而透過這個研究，吾人又可如何理解習近平時期國家與人民的關係，以及國家權力的效應？

The national status of“City of Civility”in the Xi Jinping Period has surpassed that of“Sanitary City,”“Excellent Tourism City,”“Global Garden City”and others to become the primary evaluative task required of the local officials to accomplish. The City of Civility is deemed by the state to embody both“the Chinese Dream”and“the Socialist Core Values,”as well as to realize the Party-led mode of“comprehensive governance.”Based on ethnographic materials of“innovatively constructing”(chuangjian)“civility”in a fourth-tier city in South Jiangsu Province, this paper aims to demonstrate the ways in which party cadres and local people practice, imagine and conceptualize“civility.”It attempts also to answer the following questions. First, has chuangjian altered and/or produced patterns of affective identifications. Next, does the process of chuangjian reinforce the given modes of social division and, if so, why. Lastly, how could the study of the“City of Civility”shed light on our understanding of the effects of state power in the Xi Jinping Period?