製造、散布與消費兒少色情內容之性剝削行為的可罰性檢討──兼評兒童及少年性剝削防制條例之修正

Review of the Punishability of Sexual Exploitation Involving Children and Youth Pornography─Comments on the Amendment to the Child and Juvenile Sexual Exploitation Prevention Ordinance

本文旨在檢討涉及兒少色情之各類犯罪行為的可罰性基礎，並對新修正之兒童及少年性剝削防制條例相關條文提出初步評論。基於性要素的複雜性，本文不贊成以「保護兒少」為名，無差別地禁絕一切兒少色情內容，而必須考慮不同行為類型是否、如何、在多大程度上產生對當事人性自主、自我認同及身心發展的影響，區分製造行為、散布行為與消費行為，以劃定刑法上義務的範圍。據此，本次修法針對「支付對價」持有及觀覽兒少色情之行為加重處罰，在行為人主觀上認知到該對價之支付可能直接促成性剝削犯罪的前提下，應可贊同。而新增之「無故重製」行為，其實並非獨立而明確的犯罪類型，應視個案情形，由散布或持有行為所包含。

This article aims to review the legitimacy basis of various crimes involving child pornography and provide preliminary comments on the relevant provisions of the newly revised Ordinance on the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation of Children and Juveniles. Based on the complexity of sexual elements, this article does not support the indiscriminate prohibition of all pornographic content for children in the name of ''protecting children.'' Instead, we must consider whether, how, and to what extent different types of behavior affect the sexual autonomy and self-esteem of the parties concerned. Identity and the impact of physical and mental development, distinguishing between manufacturing behavior, distribution behavior and consumption behavior to delineate the scope of obligations under criminal law. Accordingly, this revision of the law increases penalties for ''paying a consideration'' to possess and view child pornography. This amendment should be approved on the premise that the perpetrator subjectively recognizes that the payment of the consideration may directly contribute to the crime of sexual exploitation. The newly added act of ''unreasonable reproduction'' is not actually an independent and clear type of crime. It should be included in the act of distributing or possessing, depending on the circumstances of the case.