清代雍、乾年間《尚書》學略探──以齊召南為例

A Brief Study on Shangshu Studies during the Yongzheng and Qianlong Periods of the Qing Dynasty: The Example of Qi Zhaonan

統合目前學界研究成果所見的清代《尚書》學史，大抵是自清初的閻若璩開始，中經惠棟，直線而下至乾隆後期專注今文的《尚書》新疏，如此，乾嘉之前清代《尚書》學史只有單一線索之發展。本文以齊召南為例，指出乾隆中期以前的《尚書》學，有異於此單一線索的內涵。蓋齊召南出生、成學於康熙、雍正年間；乾隆中期之前，分別任職、任教於北京、兩浙，以其深厚學識為學界推崇，並發揮影響士子的力量，故其《尚書》觀點，應為論清代《尚書》學時必需關注的對象。但由於相關研究聚焦於考據學及與之相應的古文《尚書》辨偽，齊召南為古文「辨誣」的論述，並未受到相應的重視。本文探討齊召南的《尚書》觀點，一方面補清代《尚書》學研究之不足，另一方面，則藉以窺見清代學術史、《尚書》學史豐富內涵之一斑。

The history of the study of the Shangshu in the Qing Dynasty, as seen from the current research results of the academic community, began with Yan Ruoju in the early Qing Dynasty, passed through Hui Dong, and went straight down to the new annotations on the Shangshu that focused on the new text in the late Qianlong period. In this way, the history of the study of the Shangshuin the Qing Dynasty before the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods only had a single thread of development. This article takes Qi Zhaonan as an example to point out that the study of Shangshu before the middle of Qianlong period had a different connotation from this single clue. Qi Zhaonan was born and studied during the reigns of Kangxi and Yongzheng. Before the middle of Qianlong's reign, he worked and taught in Beijing and Liangzhe. He was highly respected by the academic community for his profound knowledge and exerted the power to influence scholars. Therefore, his views on Shangshu should be the focus of attention when discussing the study of this text in the Qing Dynasty. However, since the relevant research results of predecessors focused on textual research and the corresponding debunking of the old text of Shangshu, Qi Zhaonan's discussion on authenticating the old text did not receive corresponding attention. Exploring Qi Zhaonan's views on Shangshu, on the one hand, this article makes up for the deficiencies in its study in the Qing Dynasty; on the other hand, it provides a glimpse into the rich connotations of the academic history of the Qing Dynasty and the history of the Shangshu studies.