析論《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》：以「人與自然和諧共處」為考察核心

Analyzing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: At the Core of Living in Harmony with Nature

氣候變遷、資源枯竭、環境污染、生物多樣性流失、貧窮與健康等諸多問題形成當今嚴峻的永續挑戰，且該等問題間存在鏈結交互作用，因此，自然保育不能單獨看待。作為2030年前的全球保育行動指引，《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》提出「主流化」與「轉型變革」的行動策略，以期實現「人與自然和諧共處」的願景。本文借鑑永續躍遷研究之洞見，剖析「主流化」與「轉型變革」，指出其實質意涵與實踐基礎為「體制更替」和社會文化價值觀的轉移；並從里山的「宜居性」與「再生發」特質，闡釋人與自然「和諧」共處之道。

Contemporary human societies are faced with severe sustainability challenges such as climate change, shortages of natural resources, pollution, biodiversity loss, poverty, and health issues, just to name a few. There exist complex interactions among these problems. Therefore, we cannot tackle the very issue of conservation in isolation. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework proposes the strategies of“mainstreaming”and“transformative change”in order to achieve the vision of“living in harmony with nature.”This paper adopts the insights from sustainability transition studies to understand“mainstreaming”and“transformative change,”and points out what they require is“system change”and changes in sociocultural values. Furthermore, this paper takes Satoyama’s ideas of“livability”and“regeneration”to explain a path for humans to live in harmony with nature.