老子「自然之道」對生物多樣性保育的啟發

Inspiration from Laozi’s“Dao of Nature”on Biodiversity Conservation

本文探討老子思想中「道」與「自然」的概念如何為現代生物多樣性保育提供哲學基礎，並透過里山倡議促進人與自然的和諧共生。整合《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》、生態系服務理論及老子《道德經》的核心論點，分析生物多樣性喪失的挑戰與解決之道。本文主張，老子的「有無」理論與「慈、儉、知足」等概念，不僅與現代生態學的動態平衡相呼應，還能作為環境倫理，指導永續發展策略。透過對老子原文的深入解讀，「道法自然」提供超越科學的視野，強調人類應順應自然規律，實現生態系統與人類福祉的長期平衡，進而透過價值轉型，邁向2050年「與自然和諧共生」的願景。

This paper explores how the concepts of“Dao”and“nature”in Laozi’s philosophy provide a philosophical foundation for modern biodiversity conservation, promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature through the Satoyama Initiative. Integrating the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, ecosystem services theory, and core arguments from Laozi’s Dao De Jing, it analyzes challenges in biodiversity loss and potential solutions. Laozi’s theories of“being and non-being”and concepts like compassion, frugality, and contentment resonate with modern ecology’s dynamic equilibrium, serving as an environmental ethic to guide sustainable development strategies. Through in-depth interpretation of Laozi’s texts,“Dao emulates nature”offers a philosophical perspective beyond modern science, emphasizing the need to relinquish excessive intervention and align with natural laws for long-term balance between ecosystems and human well-being. By transforming value systems, it aims toward the 2050 vision of“living in harmony with nature.”