清代請墾制度的運作實態：臺北地區「陳和」墾號的成立與變化

Operational Practices of Land Reclamation Regulations in Qing Taiwan: The Formation and Transformation of the Chen-He Reclamation Company in the Taipei Region

本文以清代臺北地區的「陳和」墾號為例，探討清代臺灣請墾制度的運作實態。「陳和」是康熙晚期臺北地區的墾號之一，作為康熙時期出現的墾號，正好可以說明康熙時期請墾制度的運作及其對臺北地區的影響。過去雖然已有研究指明墾號係股東合夥的集團，並說明股夥的背景，但未能充分把握此一墾號的開墾區域並非連續性的地理空間。故本文將從此一地理特色出發，重新梳理「陳和」墾號的組織結構，然後透過墾區發展說明「陳和」墾號的組織背景，以及土地開發的實際運作。本文將進一步以契約的文字與印記內容，分析「陳和」墾號的組成與變化，然後藉由「陳和」墾號在其申請開墾的三個區域：海山、北投、坑仔口的開墾過程，說明清代臺灣請墾制度的運作，以此作為探討請墾制度的基礎個案。

This study examines the operational realities of the qingken system in Qing Taiwan, through the case of the Chen-He Reclamation Company in the Taipei region. As one of the reclamation companies established during the late Kangxi reign, Chen-He illustrates how the qingken system functioned in practice and how it shaped land development in the Taipei area.While previous research has identified reclamation companies as shareholder-based partnerships and described the backgrounds of their investors, it has not sufficiently addressed the fact that the areas reclaimed by Chen-He were geographically non-contiguous. Starting from this spatial characteristic, the study reevaluates the company’s organizational structure and traces its development through the expansion of its reclamation zones, revealing how land development was practically carried out.Using contractual texts and seal imprints as primary sources, this paper analyzes the formation and transformation of the company. By examining its activities in Beitou, Kengzikou, and Haishan, the study offers a foundational case for understanding the implementation of qingken regulations in Qing Taiwan.