日語外來語「る動詞」之研究

A Study on Japanese Loanwords as '-ru Verbs'

本稿以日語外來語加上動詞活用語尾「る」所形成的外來語「る動詞」作為考察對象。透過辭典、先行研究，以及社群媒體平台X（舊Twitter）的實態調查，對外來語「る動詞」的構詞現象進行實證性的分析與考察。首先，從音節拍數、詞形及品詞等構詞觀點考察外來語「る動詞」的構詞特徵。其次，藉由與外來語サ變動詞之比較，探討外來語「る動詞」化的相關各種問題。最後，從語義領域的觀點分析外來語「る動詞」語幹及外來語「動詞」本身，進而論述與外來語「る動詞」形成相關之語義及用法特徵等。筆者於本稿中分析了外來語「る動詞」在音韻、詞形及語義用法等方面所呈現的各種構詞特徵之外，同時並針對外來語「る動詞」與外來語變動詞在位相及構詞性質上的差異做了詳盡的論述。最後，亦闡述：由於「る動詞」具有能夠與非具有動作性名詞語幹相結合之構詞特徵，使得年輕人廣泛且輕易地活用此一便捷構詞法，因此「る動詞」造詞得以盛行。

This study investigates ''-ru verbs'' derived from loanwords in Japanese, focusing on their formation and usage. Drawing on dictionaries, prior research, and actual usage on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter), the paper offers an empirical analysis of morphological and semantic characteristics of these verbs. First, the study analyzes morphological features such as syllable count, word form, and part of speech. It then compares loanword -ru verbs with suru verbs, highlighting differences in word-formation processes. Finally, from a semantic perspective, the study investigates both the noun stems and -ru verbs, clarifying their semantic and usage characteristics. The findings show that although these verbs may lack inherent actionality, the simple and convenient process of attaching ''-ru'' to noun stems has led to their widespread use. This ease of formation helps explain the productivity and colloquial nature of loanword -ru verbs in contemporary Japanese.