《萬葉集》〈遊松浦川歌群〉之結構——以其故事的背景與表現技法為中心

The structure of the ''Poems from a Journey Along the Matsura River'' in the Manyoshu: Focusing on the narrative background and expressive techniques

《萬葉集》是日本現存最古老的和歌集，收錄了約4500首詩歌。其中，與傳說或古老故事相關的歌被稱為「傳說歌」。這些傳說歌兼具歌謠的「抒情性」以及敘述傳說的「敘事性」。究竟傳說歌中的「歌」與「傳說」之間有怎樣的關聯？它們具有怎樣的故事背景？又是如何被呈現？考察這些問題，對於萬葉歌的結構以及表現技法的理解上有重要的意義。《萬葉集》中的神功皇后傳說歌、松浦佐用比賣傳說歌、水江浦島子傳說歌、真間手兒奈傳說歌、莬原處女傳說歌等等都是有名的傳說歌。本論文作為《萬葉集》傳說歌考察作業的一環，聚焦於神功皇后傳說中的釣魚傳說，以及與此傳說相關的《萬葉集》〈遊松浦川歌〉（卷五853-860序文及短歌，後人追和歌861-863 ,以下簡稱〈遊松浦川歌群〉），並以其故事的背景與表現技法為中心進行分析，進而探究該歌群的結構。透過本論文的考察，可以得知〈遊松浦川歌群〉是由作者大伴旅人透過漢文序，創作出類似《遊仙窟》中的神仙境以及男女主角相遇的情境；並且藉由描寫釣魚女子，引發對神功皇后釣魚傳說的聯想。此外，他又以此傳說為基礎，融合了「丹塗矢型」的神婚說話、柘枝的仙媛、吉野的仙境觀、松浦的地理與歷史角色等內外文化與文學要素，從而完成了這一歌群的創作。

The Manyoshu is the oldest extant anthology of Japanese poetry, containing approximately 4,500 poems. Among them, the poems related to legends and folktales are called ''legendary songs''. These songs combine lyrical qualities as songs with narrative elements that recount legends. What kind of relationship exists between the ''song'' and the ''legend'' in legendary songs? What narrative background do they possess, and in what manner are they presented? Examining these questions is of great significance for understanding the structure and techniques of expression in the Manyōpoems. This thesis focuses on the fishing legend in the legendary songs of Empress Jingu and examines Poems from a Journey Along the Matsura River in the Manyoshu related to it. This study shows that these songs were created by the author Otomonotabito through the fishing woman and the legend of Empress Jingu, combining the divine marriage story, the Tuminoe celestial maiden, the Yoshino hermitage conception, the geographical and historical role of Matsura, and You Xian Ku in China.