日本殖民主義與台灣、朝鮮的解殖暴力

Japanese Colonialism and Decolonizing Violence in Taiwan and Korea

本文旨在探討同為日本殖民地的朝鮮與台灣，在二戰後解殖歷程中集體暴力的顯著差異：1945年日本投降後，朝鮮立即爆發針對殖民者與本地協力者（如親日地主、警察）的大規模殘酷暴力，並延續至美軍政時期的大邱事件。反觀台灣則呈現相對和平的狀態，對協力者的清算僅止於言詞批判；即使是二二八事件，衝突焦點亦是針對新政權，而非內部清算。為解釋此差異，本文提出涵蓋戰前與戰後因素的分析框架。戰前因素假設：一、朝鮮遭受更嚴重的「經濟壓迫」，導致階級矛盾深化；二、朝鮮存在更多且更高層級的「政治吸納」協力者，使其成為直接的報復對象。戰後因素假設：朝鮮北部政權積極清算協力者，南部政權則高度仰賴協力者，兩者皆催化了暴力；而台灣國民黨政權的建構模式不同，轉移了社會矛盾的焦點。本文藉由比較兩地經驗，揭示此歷史謎題，並為後續研究勾勒分析路徑。

This study investigates the significant divergence in collective violence between the former Japanese colonies of Korea and Taiwan during their post-World War II decolonization processes. Immediately following Japan's surrender in 1945, Korea experienced an eruption of large-scale, brutal violence targeting colonizers and their local collaborators such as pro-Japanese landlords and police, which continued into the American military government period, as exemplified by the Daegu Uprising. In contrast, Taiwan exhibited a relatively peaceful transition, where the reckoning with collaborators was confined to rhetorical condemnation. Even during the 228 Incident, the focus of the conflict was directed at the new regime rather than internal reckoning. To explain this disparity, this article proposes an analytical framework that incorporates both prewar and post-war factors. The hypothesized pre-war factors are: first, that Korea suffered from more severe economic oppression, which intensified class conflict; and second, that Korea had a greater number of politically co-opted collaborators at higher levels, making them direct targets for retaliation. The hypotheses regarding post-war factors are: that in Korea, the northern regime actively purged collaborators while the southern regime heavily relied on them, both dynamics catalyzing violence; whereas in Taiwan, the Kuomintang regime's model of state-building shifted the focus of social conflict toward the newly arrived state apparatus. By comparing the experiences of these two cases, this article seeks to shed light on this historical puzzle and delineate analytical pathways for future research.