握把設計及握持位置對於上肢肌群在自行車騎乘時的影響

The influence of upper body muscles and handlebar design on bicycle riding

目的：在自行車騎乘中，上肢和手指肌肉之力量控制對於騎手姿勢穩定和動力傳導至關重要，其握持位置和握把不同彎曲設計直接影響身體支撐效果，並在遭受衝擊時扮演減震角色。因此藉由回顧性的方式了解在過去自行車研究中，上肢與手指肌肉的相關研究與騎乘時不同自行車握把形式與握持位置之間的關聯性，並提供給騎手更多騎乘策略及運動傷害防護等方向。方法：本研究通過搜集國內外相關文獻，搜尋關鍵字為：握把設計、握把型式、握持位置、騎乘姿勢、上肢與手指肌肉活化及自行車相關運動傷害等，並在多個資料庫如PubMed、Google Scholar等進行查詢，並篩選出與自行車握把設計和上肢肌肉關聯性較高的文獻，在篩選方面主要先以標題與摘要篩選，排除與研究主題無關的文獻後再進行深入閱讀選取核心文獻。本文參考的文獻特別關注過去十年內的研究成果，以確保資料的時效性與適用性。結果：文獻回顧發現，握把設計和握持位置對騎乘者的姿勢及上肢肌肉活化有顯著影響。人體工學握把提升了騎行舒適度，減少了上肢肌肉的疲勞風險。彎把設計有效降低風阻，提高騎行效率，但增加上肢和手指肌肉的負荷；而平把設計則為長時間騎行提供較大支撐，有助於維持騎行穩定性與舒適度。結論：通過清晰了解握把設計與上肢肌肉之間的關聯性，便可以為騎行者提供更合理的握把選擇策略，以提高騎行表現和舒適度，同時降低潛在的上肢肌肉疲勞風險，同時有助於未來握把設計的優化。

Purpose: In cycling, the force control of upper limb and finger muscles is crucial for posture stability and power transmission. Grip positions and various curved designs of handlebars directly impact body support and play a shock-absorbing role during impacts. This study aims to retrospectively explore the relationship between upper limb and finger muscle activity and different types of handlebar designs and grip positions during cycling, based on previous cycling studies. The findings aim to provide riders with strategies to enhance riding performance and prevent sports injuries. Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature, using keywords such as handlebar design, handlebar type, grip position, riding posture, upper limb and finger muscle activation, and cycling-related sports injuries. Literature searches were performed in multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. The selection process consisted of an initial screening of titles and abstracts to exclude irrelevant studies, followed by an in-depth review of the full texts to identify core literature. Special attention was given to studies conducted within the past decade to ensure data relevance and applicability. Results: The literature review reveals that handlebar design and grip positions significantly influence rider posture and upper limb muscle activation. Ergonomic handlebars enhance riding comfort and reduce the risk of upper limb muscle fatigue. Curved handlebars effectively reduce wind resistance and improve cycling efficiency but increase the load on upper limb and finger muscles. In contrast, flat handlebars provide greater support for long-duration cycling, contributing to riding stability and comfort. Discussion: By clearly understanding the relationship between handlebar design and upper limb muscle activation, riders can be guided to make more informed handlebar selections to improve cycling performance and comfort while minimizing the risk of upper limb muscle fatigue. These findings also contribute to the optimization of future handlebar designs.