酒及毒品在美國卡其領生態圈之淵源及其影響－－以1980年代前之美軍為例

The Origin and Influence of Alcoholism and Drug Addiction on the Ecological Circle of the U.S. Army-- the U.S. Army before 1979 as for an Example

在美軍「卡其領犯罪」的研究中，多集中於解釋軍人「戰時」的犯罪行為及戰爭提供了犯罪的「機會」，並藉由機會創造犯罪的「環境」。分類上，過量飲酒及毒癮對於軍紀的影響屬「軍事職業內部之犯罪」（Intra-occupational Military Crime），即犯罪者與被害者均為軍人之「違反軍人紀律之犯罪」（Crimes Against Performance）。
本文研究指出，酒與軍事文化有密切之關聯性，且具消除戰事緊張與焦慮之功能，產生男性氣概化之影響，並對規制軍隊上具有正面與負面的雙重效能。至於毒品與軍事文化之關聯溯源自越戰時期，戰後也影響國境內施用毒品風氣及人口。從毒品與軍隊之親近（propinquity）關係及部隊壓力間之供需關係中印證，戰爭創造了毒品於戰時的運用價值，以及戰後難以矯正之無奈；同時，也指明美國本土在酒癮肇事及毒品問題上，均可謂是戰爭後之遺毒。尤其是成癮性問題，是所有施用具有癮性物質者於面臨戒治時的一大挑戰。

Most of the research on the khaki-collar crime in the U.S. military focuses on explaining crimes committed by soldiers in the wartime, that is, focusing on the opportunity of war at this time of war and the opportunity of war, and creating opportunities for criminal environment. Classification, the impact of alcoholism and drug addiction on military discipline, the Department of Crimes against Performance of Intra-occupational Military Crime. The study found that alcohol and military culture are closely related, and with the elimination of war tensions and anxiety function, and masculine. In the leadership of the military, they can also exert positive and negative effects. The connection between drugs and military culture dates back to the Vietnam War. After the war, it also affected the domestic use of drug ethos and population. From the propinquity relationship between drugs and the armed forces and the pressure of supply and demand of troops, it is proved that the war created the value of the use of drugs in the wartime and the helplessness that was difficult to rectify after the war. At the same time, it also points out that the U.S. drug addiction accident and the drug problem can be described as a legacy of poison after the war. In particular, the issue of addiction is a major challenge faced by all those who use addictive substances when facing treatment. However, they only have the determination to abstain from addiction and persevere to avoid repeated crimes.