威權政治與臺灣的現代化轉型

Authoritarian Politics and the Modernization Transition of Taiwan

作為牽扯整個社會價值重塑的系統工程，現代化常常依賴威權政治的統領、震懾和推動，威權政治通過權威政體建立起強有力的政府，充分調動整個社會力量，致力於現代化的歷史進程，並迅速贏得現代化的現實成效。國民黨撤退至臺灣後，執政黨和統治者通過嚴密的社會控制、意識形態灌輸、對本土精英階層的籠絡分化，形成「強人政治」體系，並逐步建立起現代化的行政管理制度，創造了有力的經濟增長條件，帶動整體工業化與都市經濟繁榮。顯然，威權政治從根本上為臺灣現代化提供了重要的結構性前提和經濟發展活力，表現在務實主義的意識形態導向，領導人強烈的現代化自覺，施行市場經濟和開放型經濟。臺灣現代化的過程，是十分典型的政治經濟相互促進、相互補足的案例。

As a systematic project involving the reshaping of the entire social value, modernization usually relies upon the command, deterrent and impetus from the authoritative politics environment, which establish potent government through authoritarian regime, thus committing itself to the promotion and rapid realization of modernization by fully mobilizing social force from all aspects. After the KMT retreated to Taiwan, the party and its leadership formed their own oligopolistic political system through rigorous social control, indoctrinating with ideology and the strategy of wooing and dividing the indigenous elite class, while gradually setting up a modernized administrative management system, which created suitable environment for economic growth, resulting in the prosperous metropolitan economy and general industrialization of the society.
Evidently, authoritarian politics fundamentally provided the modernization of Taiwan with significant structural prerequisite and energy for economic growth, which are reflected in the pragmatistic orientation of ideology, the leadership's intense percipience of modernization and the execution of market-oriented and open economy. The modernization process of Taiwan is a typical case of mutual promotion and complement between the politics and the economy.