一帶一路戰略與其沿線領土糾紛的關係及其影響：以南海與印巴領土糾紛為例

An Analysis of the Relationship between Chinese Grand Strategy of“One Belt and One Road and the Unsettled Territorial Disputes: Case Studies of the South China Sea and Indo-Pakistani territorial disputes

習近平在2014年揭示中國新型大國關係，強調與鄰為善、以鄰為伴，但又堅持捍衛國家主權、安全及領土完整，可能因此與鄰國間發生緊張關係。同樣地，「一帶一路」倡議強調促進區域合作，與沿線國家共存共榮，但因沿線國家存在著尚未解決的領土爭議，故仍隱約存在著許多現實的阻礙與挑戰。因此，伴隨著「一帶一路」睦鄰週邊外交政策的推動，與國家主權與領土完整的核心利益發生扞格時，將會對中國大陸「走出去」的大戰略造成何種影響？
當前「絲綢之路經濟帶」沿線即存在著印巴兩國關於克什米爾的衝突，與通向「21世紀海上絲綢之路」的南海主權爭議，本文以二項未解決的海、陸領土爭議為案例，從權力（power）／威脅（threat）、利益（interests）與認同（identity）三個指標，探討「一帶一路」戰略與沿線未解決領土爭議的關係及相互之間的影響。本文認為，領土爭議隱藏著主權、利益、大國地緣政治衝突等「領土複雜性」（territorial complexities），將為「一帶一路」大戰略帶來變數。

Chinese president Xi Jin-pin has claimed the China’s new diplomacy that China wish to maintain all good and kind relations with its neighbouring countries, while China insists to defend the national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Such assertion implies that there are conflicting interests between policy and reality. Therefore, this article aims to explore the question of what are the influences of unsettled territorial disputes on China’s“One Belt and One Road“strategy. This article will analyse the implications of the territorial disputes through the perspectives of power, interests, and identity, which would have challenged China’s OBOR strategy. The nationalist claims on sovereignty, the competition of geopolitics and resources, and the great power competition would worsen China’s state-run strategy. Ultimately, the unsettled territorial disputes will have reinforced effects on the OBOR’s trajectory.