規範創新與小國非傳統安全政策：以芬蘭氣候政策為例

Norms Entrepreneurship and the Non-Traditional Security Policy of Small States: The Case of Finland's Climate Policy

本文從非傳統安全角度出發，觀察小型國家於非傳統安全政策之影響力，選擇芬蘭氣候政策作為案例研究主軸，主因是氣候議題橫跨國界，對人類的社會、經濟與政治等生活有舉足輕重影響，且氣候政策屬新興議題，小國在該議題領域有較大活動空間。理解芬蘭氣候政策制定角色，本文假定是：第一，過去多從理性主義角度理解政策制定，不過本文認為我們須納入一個能包含理性效益與價值規範的行為者行動取向，以此檢視小國非傳統安全政策之制訂，方能較全面的探索政策本質。第二，由於長期關注特定議題，小國較願參與國際制度運作、發揮影響力，這主要是因為小國在特定議題領域具相對專長、兼顧理性與規範創新的思維模式。第三，小型國家在政策框架內提出倡議，這使得小國得以擴大政策效果、發散影響力。後文將從芬蘭與歐盟的政策制定過程中進行檢視，理解規範創新與理性等因素對芬蘭氣候政策之重要性，並探討小國於非傳統安全政策之影響力發揮。

More recently, the studies of international relations have gained prominence but small states' foreign behaviors are easily neglected. These findings suggest that great power politics still prevails around the world. However, with the end of Cold War small states have their say in the realm of international relations. The author argues that with the help of proper design of methodological approach, the extent of small states' security policy may be re-evaluated. In this regard, profession and role playing models are helpful for the explanation of small states' policy behavior. Through the lens of small states non-traditional security policies, we may re-define those actors’policy orientation in international politics.
We use the example of Finland’s climate policy and its coordination with European Union climate scheme as focal points of analysis. This paper argues that rationality and norms entrepreneurship are two vital concerns for Finland’s decision-making process. This paper depicts the importance of Finland’s professional developments in the area of climate policy and illustrates Finland’s innovation in the same area. Furthermore, with long tradition and competitive advantages in this area, Finland may expand its policy horizon to other institutional designs. In this regard, EU’s climate policy and other relative policies, i.e., Common Agricultural Policy and Nordic Policy, are areas of spillover effects.