支持性與批評性教養方式對青少年學業表現的影響：自尊與適應性完美主義的中介分析

The Effects of Supportive and Critical Parenting on Adolescent Academic Performance: A Mediation Analysis of Self-Esteem and Adaptive Perfectionism

本研究旨在探討父母教養態度對國中學生學業成績表現之影響，並檢驗自尊及完美主義在其中的中介效果。以桃園市公立國中七至九年級學生為研究對象，採立意抽樣方式發放問卷，共收集465份有效問卷。研究變項包括知覺父母教養態度（父母期望、父母批評）、自尊、完美主義（高標準、有序、落差）及學業成績表現。研究結果顯示：（1）父母教養態度對國中生學業成績、自尊及完美主義具有顯著影響；（2）自尊部分中介父母教養態度對學業成績的影響；（3）完美主義亦具有中介效果，尤其是高標準構面對學業成績呈正向影響，而落差構面呈負向影響；（4）父母批評對學業成績具有較強的負向作用，而父母期望則促進學業表現。研究結果顯示，正向的父母教養態度可透過提升青少年的自尊及適應性完美主義，有助於提升學業成就。本研究提供教育實務與家庭教育的重要啟示，建議家長採取支持性、鼓勵性方式教養，避免過度批評，以促進青少年的心理健康與學習表現。

This study aimed to examine the effects of parenting style on junior high school students’academic achievement and explored the mediat¬ing roles of self-esteem and perfectionism. Participants were 465 students from grades 7 to 9 in public junior high schools in Taoyuan, Taiwan, who were selected via purposive sampling. The study variables included perceived parenting style (parental expectation and parental criticism), self-esteem, perfectionism (high standards, order, and discrepancy), and academic performance. Results revealed that: (1) parenting style signifi¬cantly influenced students’academic achievement, self-esteem, and per¬fectionism; (2) self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between parenting style and academic performance; (3) perfectionism also served as a mediator, with the high standards dimension positively affecting academic performance, while the discrepancy dimension had a negative effect; (4) parental criticism exerted a stronger negative impact on aca¬demic achievement, whereas parental expectation positively promoted academic performance. These findings indicated that positive parenting, through enhancing adolescents’self-esteem and adaptive perfectionism, effectively supported academic success. The study offered practical im¬plications for family education, suggesting that parents adopt supportive and encouraging strategies while minimizing criticism to foster both psy¬chological well-being and academic achievement in adolescents.