朱注《孟子》歷史思惟探賾――以經學方法論為考察對象

Zhu Xi’s Commentary on Historical Thinking in Mengzi: An Investigation into the Methodology of Traditional Scholarship on the Classics

孟子為堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武、周公、孔子之傳，又是孔、曾、思、孟心法所繫。而相較於過往從哲學、歷史、文獻、出土文獻不同學科，乃至於康德哲學、現象學、詮釋學、身體觀等不同思潮，甚至東亞視域、全球視野，多維並進眼光當中，發展多元詮釋成果，然而回歸於歷史脈絡，開展聖人系譜考察，發掘歷史文化「正形」，則又有另一層歷史意義。《孟子》成為儒家要籍乃是朱熹建構的結果，經典緣由必須回歸於宋代儒學復興背景，以及朱熹思想當中考察。朱熹《孟子集注》不僅化解政治觀點的歧出，確立性理義理內涵，孟子是在聖人系譜中開顯義理，《孟子》是在四書體系定位完成，群聖之統與民性秉彝全然歸之於「道」，由此可見朱熹深化脈絡的思考，也可作為經學研究方法參考之例。

Mengzi was the successor of Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, King Wen, King Wu, Duke of Zhou, and Confucius, and he was also linked to the minds of Confucius, Zengzi, Zisi, and Mengzi Compared to past approaches to Mengzi, including attempts to interpret the text from the perspectives of different scholarly disciplines such as philosophy, history, literary studies and studies on excavated manuscripts, comprising different trends of thought such as Kant’s philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutics and conceptions of the body, that looked at the text both in an East Asian as well as in a global context , this study focuses on the text’s historical context by carrying out an investigation on the genealogy of saints. Uncovering the of historical culture, adds another layer of historical significance to the text. It is the result of Zhu Xi’s efforts that Mengzi became an essential work of the Confucian Canon. Hence the reason for its canonization must be searched for in the revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, as well as in Zhu Xi’s system of thought. Zhu Xi’s Mengzi Jizhu not only resolves the contradictions between diverging political viewpoints, it also establishes the connotation of rationality and thus returns to the genealogy of the sages. The tradition and the morality of the people are all attributed to the“Dao”, which shows that Zhu Xi’s deep thinking on the context can also be used as a reference point for the study of the classics.